Transcript DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYTEM

CRITICISM
“ The stones that critics hurl with
harsh intent, a man may use to build a
monument.”
-Arthur Guiterman
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE
YOUNG, ______________________ DOGS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vvtprqhyoI
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE
May also be considered a
Developmental disorder
Cracks in ____________
____________________
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES
DISEASE - DX
• Early - Decreased
bone density of
epiphysis, sclerosis
and thickening of
femoral neck
• Later- ____________
areas in femoral neck
• End-stage – flattening
and extreme
deformation of the
femoral head, severe
osteoarthritis
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE:
TREATMENT (SX)
FEMORAL HEAD AND NECK EXCISION
FHNE
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES
DISEASE
• Client education
– Recovery from surgery takes 3-6 months
– Glucosamines and chondroitin sulfate
– May be hereditary – ______________________
– With sx – good to excellent prognosis for full
recovery
– Conservative therapy – alleviate lameness in 2-3
months in 25%
DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS:
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
Large breed fast
growing dogs
Young
NORMAL BONE
OCD: Disturbance of ______________________
in long bones that leads to excessive retention of
cartilage
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
FAILURE OF THE LOWER LAYERS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE TO MATURE INTO
BONE RESULTS IN THICKENED CARTILAGE THAT IS PRONE TO INJURY
Disturbance of endochondral ossification that leads to excessive retention of cartilage
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS:
cartilage flap with inflammatory joint
changes
CARTILAGE FLAP OF THE SCAPULOHUMERAL
JOINT WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON LOCATION
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
CARTILAGE FLAP IN THE STIFLE JOINT (_____________________
: loose cartilage flap)
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bJqjqh5a2A
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS:
PANOSTEITIS
LARGE, MEDIUM BREEDS AT A YOUNG AGE 6-18 MONTHS
CAUSE: UNKNOWN, BUT THERE ARE MANY SUSPECTED CONTRIBUTORS
PANOSTEITIS
1. PELVIS
2. LESIONS OF PANOSTEITIS
3. FEMUR
INFLAMMATION IN THE _____________
_____________________
OF LONG BONES THAT LEADS
TO PAIN, LAMENESS, AND FEVER (Viral?)
PANOSTEITIS
INCREASED MEDULLARY
_____________________
PANOSTEITIS
TREATMENT OF PANOSTEITIS INCLUDES
NSAIDS AND CAGE REST
Full recovery ~ 1 year
THIS DISEASE IS ____________________ AND HAS A GOOD PROGNOSIS
COXOFEMORAL LUXATIONS
Stifle rotated: outward
Hock: inward
CRANIODORSAL LUXATION
HX OF TRAUMA, ACUTE LAMENESS, NON WEIGHT BEARING, POSSIBLE
SWELLING OVER THE HIP
LUXATIONS
_______________LUXATION IS THE
MOST COMMON TYPE
Stifle rotated: outward
Hock: inward
Hip Luxation
• Rx
– Closed reduction
• anesthesia required for proper muscle
relaxation
– Using traction, rotate and pull
head back in place
– Open reduction
• Replace head of femur and
suture soft tissue around
acetabulum to keep it in place
• FHO
– Either way, bandage in
abduction x 2 wk (______________)
LUXATIONS
LUXATIONS
DON’T GIVE UP!
“Courage doesn’t always roar.
Sometimes courage is that quiet voice
at the end of the day that says ‘I will
try again tomorrow.’
TUMORS OF THE BONE
MOST COMMON IN LARGE BREED
MALE DOGS OLDER THAN 7 YRS OF
AGE
THE ___________________
IS THE MOST
COMMON LOCATION
TUMORS OF THE BONE
85%-90% OF BONE CANCER IN DOGS IS OSTEOSARCOMA
TUMORS OF THE BONE
OSTEOSARCOMA TENDS TO OCCUR AWAY FROM
THE ELBOW AND TOWARDS THE KNEE
TUMORS OF THE BONE
TUMORS OF THE BONE
METASTASIS OF OSTEOSARCOMA TO THE LUNGS; THERE IS USUALLY ALREADY
SOME MICROSCOPIC SREAD OF TUMOR BY THE TIME IT IS DIAGNOSED
TUMORS OF THE BONE
____________ OF THE AFFECTED LIMB
ALONG WITH CHEMOTHERAPY IS A
COMMON TREATMENT PLAN
SURVIVAL TIME IS ~12 MONTHS EVEN WITH AGGRESSIVE THERAPY
MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS
Immune Mediated
____________________________
MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS
Biopsy
Glucocorticoids
MYOPATHIES: MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS
(aka atrophic myositis, eosinophilic myositis)
Immune mediated (type 2M muscle fibers)
CLINICAL SIGNS INCLUDE ELEVATED 3RD EYELIDS, ATROPHY OF THE JAW
MUSCLES (____________, ________________), AND INABILITY TO
OPEN THE MOUTH (TRISMUS)
MYOPATHIES: FELINE
POLYMYOPATHY - Acquired
CERVICAL VENTROFLEXION OF THE NECK 2° TO ____________________
(chronic renal disease): neuromuscular weakness
Declaw
•
•
•
•
Considered “inhumane” by some people
Outlawed in some European countries
San Francisco “advises” against it
It is an amputation of the _________________ of cat’s toes
Declaw
• Reasons why owners declaw cats
– Shredded furniture, drapes
– Scratched by cat
• Procedure
–
–
–
–
Apply tourniquet to leg
Anesthetize, remove claws
Tight bandages x 3 d
Send home
• _____________________
Dock Tails
•
•
•
•
Also banned in some European countries
Done at 2-5 days old
No anesthesia
1 stitch