Transcript Fiqh of Tahara-1 Purification - IISC

Fiqh of Tahara-1
Purification
Taught by : Hacene Chebbani
Chapter One: Al-Miyaah (Types of
Water)
• Definition of Tahara: It is the removal of ritual
and physical impurities.
• Ritual purity is a condition for the validity of
the prayer, thus, every Muslim is enjoined to
know how to achieve it and to learn about the
different types of water that can be used to
perform Tahara.
• Learning Objective: To recognize the types of
pure and impure water.
Chapter One-Cont
• Important Statement:
“Water was created pure and purifying, it
purifies from ritual impurities (al-hadath) and
physical impurities (an-najasaat). Purity can
not be attained with a different liquid.”
• Important Terms:
1. Ritual Impurity: The state of being not able to
pray due to some nullifiers of Wudu’ or
whatever makes Ghusl (ritual Bath) required.
Chapter One-Cont
• Ritual impurity can be divided into two types:
– Al-hadath Al-Akbar or Janabah (major impurity)
which requires Ghusl (ritual Bath).
– Al-hadath Al-Asghar (minor impurity) which
requires Wudu’.
 Water, if available, must be used to remove both
impurities. If it is not available , then the only
alternative is Tayamum (Dry Ablution).
Chapter One-Cont
Rulings of Water
• There two famous classifications of water.
A. Three Types of Water:
1. Tahur: Purifier (Pure and purifying)
2. Tahir: Pure, but not purifying
3. Najis: Impure (Filthy)
B. Two types of Water:
Tahur and Najis.
Chapter One-cont
• Matters of Agreement:
1. Tahur Water: It is called (Mutlaq) plain water. It
includes the water of seas, rivers, lakes, snow,
rain, hail, wells and springs.
Some Proofs:
1) “... And We sent down from the heaven tahur water”
25/48 (Rain, snow and hail)
2) The prophet said about the sea water “Its water is
pure and its dead creatures are permissible to eat”
(Ibn Majah/Abu Dawoud/others.)
Chapter One-Cont
3) Narrated Abu Said Alkhudri (r): “It was said:
O Messenger of Allah! May we make ablution
from the well of Budhaa’ in spite of the fact
that menstrual blood, dead dogs and other
types of filth are thrown into it ? He (pbuh)
said: “ Water is pure and nothing can make it
impure” (Abu Dawood/Tirmithi/Nasai’)
Chapter One-Cont
2. Matter of Consensus: Water is still tahur
when mixed with things that are usually seen
in nature (mud/algae/tree leaves, etc...)
Evidence:
These things are pure and it is extremely
difficult to keep them away from water.
The proof here is Ijmaa’ (Consensus).
Chapter One- Cont
• Matters of Disagreement:
1. Tahir Water (Pure/not Purifying)
It is clean in itself but can not be used to remove
impurities. Does is it really exist?
First Opinion:
They said that the tahur water loses its purifying
quality if:
A. A pure substance is cooked there in.
B. It is mixed with something pure and prevailed upon
its name (It is not called water anymore)
C. It is used for ritual purification.
Chapter One-Cont
• Second Opinion:
A. When a substance is cooked in water. The latter
either keeps its name with some changes or it
loses its name (becomes coffee, tea, soup or
chicken broth).
In the first case, it is still water that changed
when mixed with something pure. Then there is
no evidence that this water is not Tahur.
In the second case, water became something
different, then there is no point in calling it
“Tahir Water”.
Chapter One-Cont
• Proofs:
1. “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and Maimunah
washed themselves from one (water) container
that had a trace of dough in it. “ Reported by
Ahmed from Um-Hani’.
2. “...And you find no water, perform Tayammum
with clean soil” An-nisa’-43
Allah (SWT) did not mention any liquid before
soil, indicating that there is no replacement for
water when it comes to ritual purity except by
dry ablution.
Chapter One- Cont
• B- When water is mixed with something pure
and prevailed upon its name (it is not called
water anymore). There is no point in calling it
a “Tahir Water”
• C- When used in a ritual purification (Used
Water) ( Assuming it was collected after
dripping from someone who made ritual
ablution). This water is still Tahur.
Chapter One-cont
• Proofs:
1. There is no evidence in Sharia that this water is
not Tahur.
2. “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) wiped his head
with the extra water that was in his hand” Abu
Dawood.
3. Water is to be considered Tahur by creation, and
we need an acceptable evidence from Sharia to
move it from this state and say it is not Tahur.
Chapter One-Cont
• Conclusion:
– Water is to be divided into two types only:
1. Tahur (Pure and Purifying)
2. Najis (Impure)
What a Najis Water?
If any quantity of water is mixed with an impure
substance (Najasah), and one of its three
qualities is changed (color, taste or odour) , this
water becomes najis.
Chapter One- Cont
• Proofs:
1. “Verily, nothing makes water impure except
something that prevails over its smell, taste
or odour” (Ibn Majah/others) {Weak Hadith}
2. The second proof is Ijama’ (consensus).
Chapter Two: Najasaat (Physical
Impurities)
• Important Note:
Essentially, all things are considered
permissible and pure, so whoever wishes to
claim that a particular thing is impure, then he
must produce an evidence for it.
If he is not able to do so, or he brings a proof
that is not acceptable, then we must return to
the original state of things.
Chapter Two: Types of Najasaat.
1. Human Urine
2. Human Stool
3. Al-madhi: It is white, thin, and sticky liquid,
which is emitted at times of sexual arousal. It is
different from human sperm (Al-mani).
Both men and women have it. It is considered
najis. The private organ is to be washed when it
occurs and Wudu’ is required. (The hadith of Ali
(r) in Bukhari and Muslim).
Types of Najasaat-Cont
4. Al-wadi: It is a thick, white solution which is
discharged after urination (by some men).
It is najis, and should be treated exactly like
urine.
5. The Excrement of animals whose flesh is not
permissible to consume. (The hadith of
Abdullah ibn Masou’d )
To be Continued Insha’Allah