Transcript Slide 1

SKADS and SKA
Andrew Faulkner
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
SKADS and SKA
Andrew Faulkner
1
Aperture Arrays
are
Important
to the
SKA Performance
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
SKADS and SKA
Andrew Faulkner
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SKA Science Requirements
KSP
ID
AA
AA
AA
1
The Dark Ages
1a*
EoR
1b
First Metals
1c
First Galaxies & BHs
2
Galaxy Evolution,
Cosmology & Dark
Energy
2a*
Dark Energy
2b*
AA
Frequency Range
GHz
FoV
Sensitivity
Survey
Speed
Resn.
0.1 0.3 1.0 3.0 10 30
deg2
m2/K
deg2 m 4 K - 2
mas
>~3x10
0.003
Local Cosmic Web
3
Cosmic Magnetism
3a*
Rotation Measure Sky
3b
Cosmic Web
4
GR using Pulsars &
Black Holes
LMH
LMH
1
L
H
125
L
L
20,000
10
4500
H
H
4a*
Gravitational Waves
-
>15,000
4b
BH Spin
1
10,000
4c*
Theories of Gravity
5
Cradle of Life
5a*
Protoplanetary Disks
<10
5b
Prebiotic Molecules
0.5-1
5c
SETI
6
Exploration of the
Unknown
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
Km
50
Search
-5
7
Base- Dyn. Poln.
line Range
15,000
Galaxy Evolution
2c
AA
AA
KSP Description
6x10
9
5
L
L
1x10
9
10
L
L
2x10
7
0.5
L
L
2x10
8
10-30
M
H
1x10
8
5
M
H
1x10
8
~5
-
L
200
M
H
-
M
H
1
>15,000
1
200
M
H
10,000
2
1000
L
L
10,000
100
60
L
L
1
Large
SKADS and SKA
Large
Andrew Faulkner
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First Stage
15/11/07 (v2.3)
Phase 1
Mid-band – inc.dense AA
Parameter
WBF only
Frequency
Range:
Full SKA
Low
High
Phase 2 scenarios
Low & mid-bands – all inc. AAs to 500MHz
Phase 3
High band
WBF+PAF*
WBF only
WBF+PAF* WBF+dense AA
500 MHz
Low (GHz)
500 MHz
10 GHz
10 GHz
70 MHz
10 GHz
70 MHz
10 GHz
70 MHz
10 GHz
9
3 x 10
10
2 x 10
9
1 x 10
9
1 x 10
6
5 x 10
5
2 x 10
9
3 x 10
10
2 x 10
10
2 x 10
7
4 x 10
7
1 x 10
5
4 x 10
10 GHz
35 GHz
SKA Memo 100
Survey speed
4 -2
2
(m K deg )
70 - 200 MHz
200 - 500 MHz
0.7 GHz
1.4 GHz
3 GHz
10 GHz
25 GHz
35 GHz
Min. sensitivity at 45
2 -1
Aeff/Tsys (m K )
7
1 x 10
7
3 x 10
7
3 x 10
5
1 x 10
3
5 x 10
3 x 10
10
2 x 10
8
3 x 10
7
6 x 10
7
1 x 10
5
5 x 10
9
4
4.6 x 10
4
2.4 x 10
o
70 - 200 MHz
200 - 500 MHz
700 MHz
1.4 GHz
3 GHz
10 GHz
25 GHz
35 GHz
Configuration:
core:
< 1 km
inner:
< 5 km
†
mid :
< 180 km
outer: <~3000 km
WFoV for Surveys:
Spectral imaging /
time domain
max baseline km
channels #
sample rate ms
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
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1 x 10
7
1 x 10
6
2 x 10
5
5 x 10
4
2 x 10
200
2 000
2 000
2 000
1 300
200
1 100
1 100
1 100
700
4 000
10 000
12 000
12 000
12 000
8 000
4 000
10 000
7 000
7 000
7 000
5 000
4 000
10 000
10 000
10 000
10 000
7 000
5 000
5 000
5 000
50 %
75 %
100 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
20 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
20 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
20 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
20 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
5
16 384
0.1
5
16 384
0.1
10
32 768
0.1
10
32 768
0.1
10
32 768
0.1
20
32 768
0.1
SKADS and SKA
AA in all
scenarios
<500MHz
WBF+
Dense AA
Andrew Faulkner
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SKA Structure
0.3-1.0 GHz
Wide FoV
Dense AA
Digital
Signal
Processing
...
..
70-450 MHz
Wide FoV
..
Time
Control
Sparse AA
Mass Storage
...
Correlator – AA & Dish
16 Tb/s
...
Data
Central Processing Facility - CPF
To 250 AA Stations
Post Processor
0.8-10 GHz
DSP
12-15m
Dishes
Control Processors
& User interface
80 Gb/s
DSP
...
To 2400 Dishes
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
SKADS and SKA
Time
Standard
User interface
via Internet
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Demonstrator: EMBRACE
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Andrew Faulkner
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Demonstrator: 2-PAD
External
Analogue only
Clock distribution
Mid-Plane
Bunker wall
Memory
ADC
PSU
LNA
Analog Cond.
Backplane
10Gb
links
I/F
I/F
Board
Board
FPGA
Digital
Preprocessor
Digital acquisition
FPGA
Antenna
Array
Coax
Processing Rack
Signal Conditioning Rack
Cyclops
Processor
Beamforming processing
Reg
Memory
FPGA
Digital
Preprocessor
I/F
I/F
Board
Board
Power supplies
SKADS and SKA
Cyclops
Processor
Power supplies
Control
System
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
FPGA
Cat-7
Distribution
ADC
PSU
Gain &
Drive
HSS
links
Cooling
Systems
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Demonstrator BEST
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Challenges
Cost:
Technical:
• Processing ability, power
• Reducing Tsys
requirements and cost
• Limiting self-induced RFI
• Digitisation implementation
• Internal & external
communication data cost
• Ability to perform back-end
processing
• Mass manufacturing
• Reducing systematics:
…Dynamic Range!
• Calibration methodology
• Environmental: heat, bugs,
lightening etc
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Deliverables (just DS3 and 4!)
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
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Andrew Faulkner
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Deliverables (just DS3 and 4!)
DS3-T1
DS4-T1
DS4-T2
1. Report on COTS technology for data links
2. Report on component-based technology for data links
3. Prototype phase transfer links over various span lengths
4. Report on performance of phase transfer system over real
installed fibre links
5. Report on prototype data links over short and long spans
6. Detailed cost models for COTS and component-based
data applicable to various network and processing
architectures
1. Establish benchmark LNA simulations to provide
performance feedback for device process
development
2. RF on wafer (RFOW) measurements on device wafers
fabricated
3. Design, fabrication and testing of SiGe band pass filter
using PIC Technology
4. LNA design techniques simulation study
5. ADC Design rule established and recommend ADC
architectures
6. ADC building blocks design, fabrication and performance
7. Design, manufacture and test of hybrid LNA using novel
discrete devices developed in programme (two
iterations)
8. Fabricate and test Integrated ADC circuits
9. Fabricate and test of advanced integrated interconnect
technologies with Si and GaAs technologies.
10. Fabricate and test further LNA technologies – iterations 2
and 3
11. Fabricate and test further ADC technologies - iterations 2
and 3
12. Final report on different semiconductor technologies
1. Wide band, high dynamic range A/D blocks
2. Digital Down Converters
3. Sizing of the digital word at different levels of system
4. Low cost Poly-Phase filter banks
5. Data distribution and synchronization
6. A quasi-perfect reconstruction equi-spaced filter bank
DS3-T2
1. Processing architectural design documents
2. Software design documents
3. Cost and power usage evaluations for the various
processing architectures
4. Cost evaluations for the software architecture
5. Technology assessment and road mapping overview
reports
DS3-T3
DS4-T3
1. Develop RFI mitigation strategies for the phased-array
concept of SKA, at a station level and for the
instrument as a whole;
2. Assess the influence of these methods on data quality;
3. Assess the cost effectiveness of these methods for the
RFI environment of the selected SKA site;
4. Demonstrate practical RFI mitigation techniques for the
EMBRACE and BEST SKADS demonstrators
DS4-T4
1. Wide band integrated antenna, dual polarization
1. Initial report on conceptual issues concerning the SKA
network, data flow and processing
2. Low cost antenna technology
2. Delivery of functional simulator
4. Low cost analogue photonic link
3. Report on analysis of performance of the SKA using the
simulator
5. Reports on all of the above deliverables
3. Low cost packaging solutions
6. Publications and PhD thesis
DS3-T6
DS4-T6
DS4-T5
1. Spec. of a prototype control and data processing system
1. Dual polarization all-digital tile
2. Specification and implementation of constructs, interfaces
and components
1. Analogue beamformer in GaAs for EMBRACE.
2. Design documentation package for all-digital tile
3. Test environment for prototype all-digital tile.
3. Platform specific composition/deployment of control and
data processing software for several alternative
hardware platforms
2. Prototype of a lower cost analogue beam-former in
Silicon (not in time for EMBRACE.)
4. Evaluation report of tile performance.
3. Prototype digital beamformer for 2-PAD.
5. Tile cost estimates projected for SKA volumes and
timescales.
4. Architecture design for the whole digital beam-forming
system for 2-PAD.
6. Reliability analysis report.
5. A final report on the trade-offs and cost-effectiveness
of analogue and digital beam-forming systems.
4. assessment of the readiness for scalabilit with MDA
5. rec. guideline for scalable design and implementation
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Technology Readiness Levels
4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
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Technology Readiness Levels
SKA in operation
SKA Phase 1
Target for AAVP
PrepSKA & SKADS
SKADS
Mostly pre-SKADS work
Full System Test
& Operations
System/Subsystem
Development
Technology
Demonstration
Technology
Development
Research to Prove
Feasibility
Basic Technology
Research
Ref: NASA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_Readiness_Level
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4th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon
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System Group
Purpose:
Focussed advisory group to DS8 to prepare
final SKADS report
Timing:
Continue work from Design and Cost team
Deliverable: Core report and ‘arguments’ for SKADS
end March 2009
Starting:
Autumn 2008
Discussion: With DS8 team
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System Group - Members
Andrew Faulkner (Chair)
Peter Wilkinson
Steve Torchinsky
Arnold van Ardenne
Andre van Es
Paul Alexander
Dion Kant
Stelio Montebugnoli
Mike Jones
Steve Rawlings
Rosie Bolton
Jan Geralt bij de Vaate
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DS8 Deliverables…
1. Scientific and technical specification for the SKA (T0+47);
2. Overall System SKADS
Design (T0+48);
Now the responsibity of
“Final Deliverable”
3. Costing and budget assessment paying
attention
to the civil works
PrepSKA
WP6
embodied
in
required for the overallThis
arrayhas
to bebeen
included
in the Preliminary
SKA plan(T0 to T0+48);
SKA Memo #100. This memo or its
We arederivative
working on
the deliverable
SKA AA
is the
4. Preliminary SKA
plan including
studymemo
of funding
sources
scenario
from aSKA
#100
(T0+48);
The cost
modelling
is intothe
System to the
5. Square Kilometre
Array
“White Paper”
be submitted
remit.Committee,
We cannot
InternationalGroup
SKA Steering
to work
the ECon
and to the
national funding agencies
which
contributed
budget
or civil
works to SKADS (T0+48).
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