Transcript Presentation Title (36pt bold)

CAR: Fragile progress
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team
Central African Republic (CAR)
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 1
Landlocked in the volatile centre of Africa
Chad
Sudan
Nigeria
Darfur
CAR
Cameroon
DRC
Gabon
Congo
Uganda
Rebellion or internal conflict
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 2
No development progress in more than two decades
One of only two LDCs in Africa with a falling human development indicator
Human Development Index (HDI) Growth, Base = 100 (1985)
+45%
Burkina Faso, Niger, Guinea-Bissau,
Mali, Mozambique, Chad, Ethiopia
CAR
+30%
DRC
+15%
100
1985
1990
1995
2000
-15%
2005
Source: HDR (2007)
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 3
MDGs
Development catastrophe at the root of the problem
Share of people living in poverty unlikely to fall by half
MDG
75%
67%
Current trend
62%
50%
31%
25%
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 4
MDGs
Reaching the MDGs in CAR ? The health challenge
Maternal mortality rate highly unlikely to decrease by three quarters
MDG
1,600
1,355
Current trend
1,200
949
683
800
400
171
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 5
MDGs
Reaching the MDGs in CAR? The Education challenge
Highly unlikely that all children will benefit from primary education
MDG
100%
Current trend
75%
58%
60%
50%
55%
49%
25%
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 6
PROTECTION
For 300,000 refugees, IDPs and returnees: remain displaced or return to nothing ?
SUDAN
CHAD
50
17
DARFUR
3
4
56
3
Vakaga
23
0
8
12
25
45
10
15
CAMEROON
5
Ouham10
Pendé
5
BaminguiBangoran
NanaGrébizi
5
Haute-Kotto
HautMbomou
Ouham
NanaMambéré
5
0
Bangui
CONGO
DRC
IDPs
Returnees
Refugees
since 2005
in thousands
since 2005
in thousands
since 2002
in thousands
10
8
Source: HDPT CAR (September 2008)
* Estimated 25,000 pastoralists have been displaced from their territory. Not shown here.
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 7
KEY INDICATORS
Some of the world’s lowest social indicators
Quick facts
Pupils per teacher in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Infant mortality rate at 132 per 1,000
• Maternal mortality at 1,355 per 100,000
100
92
83
• 6.2% of the adult population HIV+
• 56% of births (~50,000) not assisted
• Access to safe drinking water for only
26% of population
• Global acute malnutrition for children
under 5 years at 10%
• Only 32% of pupils completed basic
primary education in 2005
80
72
66
63
62
Chad
Rwanda
60
40
20
• Adult literacy rate 51% for men, 32%
for women
CAR
Source: Govt. Briefing Papers (www.car-conference.net), UNDP, UNFPA, MICS (2006)
Jul-15
Congo Ethiopia Mozam.
Source: UNESCO (2005), Pupil-teacher ratio in primary education (X:1)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 8
HUMANITARIAN ACTION
Increasing humanitarian presence – September 2008
Birao
Gordil
Ndélé
Sam Ouandja
Kabo
Paoua
Kaga-Bandoro
Bocaranga
Bossangoa
Bozoum
Bouar
Mbrés
Sibut
Obo
Bambari
JUPEDEC
BANGUI
Source: HDPT CAR / Sep 08
500 km
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Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 9
PEACE PROCESS
EUFOR and MINURCAT support stability in the north-east
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Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 10
HUMANITARIAN ACTION
Increasing humanitarian financing
Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) financing rises from $2.9m in 2004 to $69.3m in 2007
$92.5m
$69.3m
$23.9m
$9.8m
$2.9m
2004
2005
2006
2007
August 08
Source: FTS (2008)
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 11
PROTECTION
Better access reveals full scale of suffering
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 12
What we achieved so far : Education, Protection and NFIs
• Education
- Some 78,000 children in conflict areas have resumed schooling during the 2007/2008 school year
- 826 parent-teachers trained on pedagogy and evaluation ; 110 trainers trained on parent-teacher training
and pedagogy
- Government and NGO partners trained on emergency preparedness and response in the field of
education ; Ministry of Education involved in cluster management
• Protection, Human Rights, Rule of Law
- NFIs and clothing distributed to 104,000 displaced people, refugees and returnees
- A network of 55 humanitarian observers monitor displacement
- Medical follow-up and psychosocial assistance provided to 250 survivors of violence and 40 survivors of
sexual violence (1,182 since May 2007)
- 80 representatives of local authorities, 130 FACA soldiers, 320 MICOPAX peacekeepers, 90 members of
non-state armed groups trained on International Humanitarian Law
• Shelter and NFIs
- 103,860 displaced people, returnees and Darfur refugees received plastic sheeting and household items.
- 1,100 people providing social services trained on health, nutrition, hygiene, education and basic principles
of protection
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 13
EDUCATION
Bush schools: helping communities take action
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 14
Water and Sanitation and Nutrition
• Water and Sanitation
- 10 springs protected, 177 wells rehabilitated, 256 hand pumps repaired and 75 new boreholes built
- At least 282, 000 people reached with various hygiene promotion activities in schools or communities
- 66 VIP latrines and latrines built for 18,000 people
- Hygiene kits distributed to nearly 80,000 people
• Nutrition
- 12 TFC in Bangui and in northern CAR are operational. Over 12,000 children treated every month
- 4 out-patient therapeutic programmes opened, 3 up-country
- 3 supplementary feeding units are operational around Bangui
- 4 nutrition surveys carried out in Bangui, Ouham, Vakaga. Nutrition surveillance mechanisms set up in
Bangui, Ouham, Haute-Kotto and Vakaga
- 92 staff from 20 health centres in Bangui area, from Ouham and Nana-Gribizi trained on screening of
acute malnutrition
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 15
Assistance for refugees, Food security and Infrastructures
• Assistance for refugees
- Protection, health, nutrition, water and sanitation, and food security programmes in place in Sam Ouandja
camp for 3,139 refugees from Darfur
- Together with the National Refugee Commission, protection, education and health assistance provided to
4,300 urban refugees
- New refugee law adopted by National Assembly in Nov 2007
• Food security
- 300,000 people received seeds kits and tools kits, including 3,139 refugees from Darfur
- 220,000 people in need benefited from distribution of 23,000MT of food, nutritional supplements, school
canteens
• Economic recovery and infrastructures
- 115 km of rural roads and 25 bridges built or rehabilitated
- Main rural roads and bridges operational and maintained
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 16
Improving coordination
• Adoption and decentralisation of the cluster approach
- Strengthened coordination within clusters with all aid organisations participating as members or
observers.
- Cluster members continuously monitor displacement situation, e.g. 50 assessment missions in Ouham-
Pendé, Ouham, Nana-Gribizi by one organisation’s two field offices alone
- Protection sub-cluster established in Paoua ; security, health and education clusters established in Kaga
Bandoro
• Setting up a Common Humanitarian Fund
Since July 2008, the CHF enables NGOs and UN agencies to get funding for humanitarian and early recovery
programmes.
Clusters now play a key role in developing humanitarian strategy & selecting projects for funding from CHF
• Establishing best practice in information management
A host of information products is available: thematic and geographic maps, intranet, internet, online
databases (www.hdptcar.net)
• Moving towards an effective integrated mission
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 17
Building capacity for development
• The government of CAR has made significant progress since 2006:
- The Paris Declaration is signed
- The HIPC decision point is reached
- The national priorities are defined in PRSP
- Peace agreements are signed and political negotiations are ongoing
- The inclusive national coordination structures are developed
• Multilateral organisations start capacity building projects, catching up on a lost
decade
• Implementing an online aid management system together with the government
• Developing sector programmes, planning investments and expenditures
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 18
Three ‘make or break’ issues to enhance stability in 2009
Central African people expect government and donors to deliver
Inclusive
Political
Dialogue
Security
Sector
Reform
Poverty
Reduction
Strategy &
Humanitarian
Action
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 19
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)
An inclusive strategy for development
Risks and need for action
• Landmark document published in 2007
after wide public engagement
• Commitments and pledges of only $600
million, with no new bilateral partners
• Estimated costs at $3.5 billion for period
2008-2010
• Lack of action on the PRSP could
contribute to popular disillusionment
and renewed tensions
• Donor Round Table raised significant
expectations among the population
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• Linking humanitarian and development
aid critical to avoid recovery gap
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 20
Ensuring the budget plan is consistent with needs
• Social sectors hugely under-funded
- Resources for Education sector are planned at 9.77% of the total budget, well below the 15% average
for West and Central Africa
To compare, Defense is allocated 11.8% of total budget each year. Presidency and Primature together
would received 9.35% - almost the same as education.
- Health is planned to receive 18% of the resources, above the Abuja Agreement benchmark of 15%
thanks to a significant amount of donor funds and pledges.
- Social affairs are allocated just under 2% of the total budget - an extremely low amount, even for Africa.
• Our role ?
- to work with partners who are contributing to public finance management reform
- to work with line ministries to help develop strategic planning and budgeting capacities
- to mobilize resources for clearing arrears and improving the government capacity to invest in capital
- to highlight the need for sector capacity building for planning and implementation to strengthen absorption
capacity
- to strengthen civil society and NGOs so they can engage actively in budget and expenditure monitoring
Sources: medium term expenditure planning framework (2008-2010)
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 21
HUMANITARIAN ACTION
Reviewing humanitarian action
Changing realities
Risks and need for action
• Peace agreements signed
• Regional insecurity risk remains present and could
continue to grow – Sudan, Chad and LRA in southeast
• Banditry becoming main threat
• Cross-border attacks worsen
• Humanitarian presence breeds
stability
• High prevalence of small arms increases likelihood of
renewed conflict
• Above crisis point – small changes in security
situation could have massive humanitarian impact
Adapting the strategy
• Funding decline could endanger early achievements
• Expanding protection efforts
• Early recovery provides basis for longer term
development – essential to bridge gap between
humanitarian action and development aid
• Reaching more people than ever
• Seizing recovery opportunities
• Streamlining humanitarian funding
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 22
Opportunities and risks in 2009
Risks
Opportunities
Help to consolidate fragile peace
Resurgent violence
• Dialogue paves way for free elections in 2010
• Failure of dialogue reignites insurgencies
• Security sector reform improves security and
respect for human rights
• Lack of security sector reform leads to continued
impunity and dwindling international support
Respond to manageable problem
Progress undone
• Small population with basic needs
• Short-term engagement undermines sustainability
• Small investments have large impact
• Vulnerability to regional shocks remains high
• Cooperative government despite low capacity
• CAR disappears from view once again
Move from crisis to recovery
Dangerous recovery gap
• Transition to early recovery and
national development strategy
• Lack of humanitarian transition leads to aid shortfall
and renewed tensions
• Humanitarian actors incorporate recovery
strategy in their programmes
• Failure to support long-term development action
weakens fragile society
Break circle of poverty and conflict
Jul-15
Fall back into full-scale violence
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 23
WEBSITES
Useful websites
• www.hdptcar.net
– HDPT CAR Blog on the humanitarian and development situation
• www.hcpt.jot.com
– HDPT CAR Intranet for Humanitarian and Development Partners
• www.cf.undp.org
– UNDP Central African Republic
• www.car-conference.net
– CAR Development Partner Consultation
• www.car-round-table.net
– CAR Development Partner Round Table
• www.minplan-rca.org
– CAR Ministry of Planning, Economics and International Cooperation
Jul-15
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR
Slide 24