Transcript Document

THE FALL OF COMMUNISM,
THE END OF THE COLD WAR & THE
COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
HAMMER
SICKLE
UNITY
AND OF COURSE … RED FOR
COMMUNISM
MANY CLAIM THAT THIS YEAR WAS THE
YEAR THAT COMMUNISM BEGAN TO
CRACK.
THAT YEAR WAS…
1980
1980...
THE YEAR THAT...
RONALD REAGAN WAS ELECTED
PRESIDENT OF THE US!
Actually….
• Communism began to see cracks in the “iron
curtain” during the Nixon years when he
instituted the policy of DÉTENTE, a period of
when tensions between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
“cooled off” for a short time.
PRESIDENT REAGAN WAS KNOWN
FOR…
REFERRING TO THE SOVIET
UNION AS ...
“THE EVIL
EMPIRE!”
MORE
IMPORTANTLY...
HE BELIEVED THAT THE US COULD “BURY” THE SOVIET UNION
ECONOMICALLY BY STARTING ANOTHER MASSIVE ARMS
RACE!
STAR WARS
ONE PROGRAM
HE CONSIDERED:
BUILDING
A DEFENSE
SHIELD IN SPACE!
SOME
CALLED IT...
UNFORTUNATELY, FOR THE
SOVIET UNION...
IT DID NOT HAVE...
THE MONEY
OR THE
RESOURCES TO
KEEP UP WITH
THE US!
ANOTHER EVENT IN 1980...
A REVOLT IN...
POLAND
MAKES SENSE: THE COLD WAR
BEGINS TO END WHERE IT BEGAN!
A SATELLITE
NATION
SOLIDARNOSC
• In 1980 in Poland, a group of ship workers tried to form a
Union they called Solidarnoisc(Solidarity). The leader of
Solidarity, Lech Walesa was a hero. The following year, the
government banned the Solidarity movement. Over the next
few years, Poland’s economy began to fail. The workers
walked off their jobs demanding better wages and working
conditions.
• In 1989, Poland legalized Solidarity and agreed to free
government elections. The people voted the Communists out
of power and elected Lech Walesa president.
• After economic troubles, the Poles voted Walesa out and
Kwasniewski, a former Communist in.
ALSO, THE POLES FOUND ANOTHER
HERO IN...
POPE JOHN PAUL II
HE SPOKE
OUT AGAINST:
COMMUNISM
AND ITS EVILS
ESPECIALLY ITS
DEVOTION TO...
ATHEISM!
Germany Reminder:
• Reminder: After WWII, Germany and the
capital city of Berlin is divided into 4
occuppied zones
YALTA CONFERENCE
Communism comes to an end in East
Germany
• East Germany watched neighboring countries
successfully protest their governments and
obtain political freedom. Protestors asked to
travel freely and free elections. In an effort to
save Communism, on Nov. 9, 1989 the
Communist leader opened the wall. His
gamble did not pay off, and the Communist
party ceased to exist by the end of 1989.
Fall of the Wall as Covered by ABC
News
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyDupNT
jhaQ
ONE BY ONE - THE
SATELLITE NATIONS
BROKE FREE FROM
SOVIET DOMINATION!
1. POLAND
2. EAST GERMANY
3. CZECHOSLOVAKIA
THE GREAT
SOVIET
EMPIRE WAS
DYING!
4. ROMANIA
5. BULGARIA
Germany since the Fall of the Wall
• East Germany lacked infrastructure and their
goods could not compete in a global market.
Taxes and unemployment rose. New
chancellors and Germany’s location in Central
Europe have helped the country find success.
Today, Germany is a strong, economically
stable country.
New Reforms:
• Pages 1046 -1047 (textbook)
• Pages 256-257 In Review Book
• Finish for Wednesday
• For Thursday: 24 Question Take Home Cold
War Quest
ONE BY ONE - THE
SATELLITE NATIONS
BROKE FREE FROM
SOVIET DOMINATION!
1. POLAND
2. EAST GERMANY
3. CZECHOSLOVAKIA
THE GREAT
SOVIET
EMPIRE WAS
DYING!
4. ROMANIA
5. BULGARIA
Why Mrs. Lavarge thought that there
really was a physical “iron curtain”
The Cold War provided entertaining culture
What does this commercial say about
those who live behind the “iron curtain”?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CaMUfxVJ
VQ
Glasnost
• This reform called for openness in Soviet
society. This policy ended censorship, political
prisoners were released, and free speech was
encouraged.
Perestroika
• This reform allowed for elements of capitalism
in order to stimulate economic growth and to
make industry more efficient. On the down
side however, inflation increased and there
were shortages of food and medicine.
Democratization
• This Gorbachev reform called for a gradual
opening of the political system.
• Now there could be more candidates and
other parties than just the Communist Party.
Poking Fun at Gorbachev reforms
• In this commercial Russians Debate the
policies of Gorbachev
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgm14D1
jHUw
This Print Ad says it all about
Gorbachev & Perestroika
1991
ONE LAST ATTEMPT TO SAVE
COMMUNISM & RESTORE THE OLD ORDER
WHILE VACATIONING IN
AUGUST 1991, COMMUNIST
HARDLINERS, LED BY...
LEADERS IN THE MILITARY AND
KGB OFFICIALS
STAGE A COUP AND
BASICALLY TAKE GORBY
AS A PRISONER!
BY THE END OF 1991:
1. EVERY REPUBLIC OF THE
SOVIET UNION - ALL 15 OF THEM WERE NOW INDEPENDENT NATIONS
2. GORBY RESIGNED AS PRESIDENT OF
THE SOVIET UNION BECAUSE IT NO
LONGER EXISTED
3. THE COLD WAR WAS OVER!
CAN YOU BELIEVE IT:
THE AMERICANS & THE
RUSSIANS ON THE SAME SIDE!
Current Leader of Russia
Vladimir Putin:
Russia Under Putin:
• Limits on freedom of
speech.
• Frustration over current
economic issues and
unemployment
• Russia’s annexing of the
Crimean area of the Ukraine
How the media portrays the contrast
between the 2 superpower leaders
So what else does Putin do besides
trample on human rights?
• http://www.cbssports.com/nhl/eye-onhockey/24558802/watch-russian-presidentvladimir-putin-plays-in-celebrity-hockey-game
Also by the end of 1991..
Cold War Fall Out
• As soviet satellites gained their freedom, leftover ethnic
tensions and feelings of strong nationalism resurfaced,
especially in the former areas of the Balkan Region. What
was this region called during WWI?
• With the death of their totalitarian leader, and
the fall of communism throughout Europe,
ethnic tensions grew. Watch the video and
see what happened in Yugoslavia.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_cTGv
xYGI
Where does this story fit in Global
History?
• Theme of human rights (violation of) &
justice(Where the U.N. and NATO stepped in
to help bring an end to the conflict)
• Conflict
• Nationalism
Cold war Fall-out
Since the end of the Cold War, what has been
the primary cause of conflicts in Chechnya,
Azerbaijan, and Bosnia?
(1) religious and ethnic tensions
(2) adoption of capitalism
(3) poor health care and starvation
(4) efforts at Russification
Cold war Fall-out
Which statement about the Balkan Peninsula
since 1995 is most accurate?
(1) Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia are now
both controlled by Yugoslavia.
(2) Ethnic tensions and conflict continue to be a
problem in much of the region.
(3) Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia became the first
democratically elected leader of the region.
(4) The Balkan Peninsula has become one of the
most prosperous regions in Europe.
Cold war Fall-out
Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, the killing fields of
Cambodia (Kampuchea), and the dirty war in
Argentina are all examples of
(1) nationalist revolts
(2) human rights violations
(3) international terrorism
(4) religious conflicts