Transcript Creating a Nation - Mr. Dalton's Class

UNIT 3
CREATING A NATION
UNIT III STANDARDS
• SS.8.A.3.1: Explain the consequences of the French and Indian War in British policies for the
American Colonies from 1763-1774.
• SS.8.A.3.2: Explain American colonial reaction to British policy from 1763-1774.
• SS.8.A.3.3: Recognize the contributions of the Founding Fathers (John Adams, Sam Adams,
Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison,
George Mason, George Washington) during American Revolutionary efforts.
• SS.8.A.3.4: Examine the contributions of influential groups to both the American and British
war efforts during the American Revolutionary War and their effects on the outcome of the
war.
• SS.8.A.3.5: Describe the influence of individuals on social and political developments
during the Revolutionary era.
• SS.8.A.3.6: Examine the causes, course, and consequences of the American Revolution.
• SS.8.A.3.7: Examine the structure, content, and consequences of the Declaration of
Independence.
• SS.8.A.3.8: Examine individuals and groups that affected political and social motivations
during the American Revolution.
Warm up Activity:
1. Why do you think American
rebelled against Great Britain?
2. How do you think William Pitt
planned to get his money back
from the French and Indian War?
3. OCSR: What was the passage
from Africa to the Colonies
called? (Transported Slaves)
4. Define: Speculator, Ice Age
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What is propaganda, give
me a modern day example
of propaganda.
• SS.8.A.3.1: Explain the
consequences of the French and
Indian war in British policies for the
American colonies from 1763-1774.
UNIT 3 VOCABULARY (20PTS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Revenue
Boycott
Repeal
Propaganda
Militia
Minutemen
Loyalists
Patriots
Preamble
Mercenary
Benedict Arnold
Blockade
Inflation
Privateer
Ratify
16. Desert
17. Thomas Paine
18. General Charles
Cornwallis
19. Battle of York Town
20. Daughters of Liberty
If you copy the definitions
directly from the text book,
you will only receive 50% of
the points. Use your own
words to define.
Vocab Poster = 5pts.
Word (on back)
Definition: This is where
you write the definition
of the word. USE YOUR
OWN WORDS, NOT THE
TEXTBOOK DEFINITION.
Front of Card
Warm up Activity:
1. What does it mean to Boycott
something?
2. What is the difference
between dessert and desert?
3. OCSR: How old was George
Washington when he received
his first command?
4. Define: Minuteman, Revenue
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What do you think the single
most important event that led
to the American Revolution
was? Why?
• SS.8.A.3.1: Explain the
consequences of the French and
Indian war in British policies for the
American colonies from 1763-1774.
UNIT III TIMELINE ACTIVITY (30PTS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Treaty of Paris
Declaration of Independence***
Boston Massacre***
Stamp Act Protests
Boston Tea Party***
France and US form an Alliance
British Surrender at Yorktown***
U.S. Constitution Ratified
Shay’s Rebellion
Using your textbook;
1. Put these events in the
right chronological
order,
2. Also include a picture
symbolizing EACH
event.
3. and write 2-3
sentences briefly
describing the events
marked with ***.
UNIT II TIMELINE POSTER HOMEWORK
Your event should look similar
• Your homework
to those on the wall already.
assignment is to find an  Included must be;

event dating from 17001800ad NOT ON THE
TIMELINE PROJECT and
create a poster board
event.
 Date, name of event, picture.
 Sheet should be
approximately ¼ sheet of
paper.
 Some projects may be put
onto the timeline wall.
 I encourage you to look for
really cool interesting events.
Warm up Activity:
1. Why were the British charging
the colonist new taxes after
the French and Indian war?
2. What was the first battle of
the American revolution?
3. OCSR: What was the crop
that allowed the colony of
Jamestown to survive?
4. Define: Revenue, Boycott
EARLY “AMERICA” MAP PROJECT
• If this project is blank, do not worry about
completing it at home.
AMERICA THE STORY OF US
• Episode 1: America the Story of US.
• This documentary starts with the early colonization's of
Jamestown, and Plymouth, then jumps to the tense times in
Boston with the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and
ends with the first battle of the American Revolution.
Warm up Activity:
1. Who was the Prime Minister of
Great Britain during the French
and Indian War?
2. When was the Declaration of
Independence signed?
3. OCSR: Who was the first
person to sign the declaration
of independence?
4. Define: Revenue, Boycott
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What does the saying
“taxation without
representation” mean?
• Why was this a cause to rally for
the colonist to rebel against
Great Britain.
• SS.8.A.3.1: Explain the
consequences of the French and
Indian war in British policies for the
American colonies from 1763-1774.
TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION
• With the French and Indian
War leaving a huge
financial debt for Great
Britain they passed many
new taxes and laws for the
Colonies.
• They punished smugglers
more harshly.
• They began to enact a
series of new taxes.
NEW TAXES
• 1764 Sugar Act
• 1765 The Stamp Act
• 1767 Townshend Acts
TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION
• With all of the new taxes the colonists
were furious.
• Why would they be mad?
• They had taxes passed on them without
being able to have a voice in the British
Parliament.
• That is Taxation without representation.
• Being taxed without having a voice in the
government.
• Being taxed by people 3000 miles away
from them.
THE SUGAR ACT
• George Greenville the Prime Minister of
Britain tried to increase revenue
(income) for Great Britain. One way
he did this was by passing new taxes.
• The Sugar Act was designed to stop
smuggling. It LOWERED the taxes on
molasses (raw form of sugar) in order
to stop the colonist from smuggling it.
• How would this work?
• If something cost less, you might pay for it,
instead of steal it.
• THE DOWNSIDE: It also allowed officers
to seize goods from smugglers without
going to court.
THE STAMP ACT
• This act placed a tax on almost
ALL printed material.
• Newspapers, pamphlets, wills, playing
cards.
• Because SO MANY items were taxed
it effected nearly every colonist.
• The Stamp Act was heavily
protested.
• In March 1766 British Parliament
gave in to the Colonists demands
and repealed (stopped) the Stamp
Act.
TOWNSHEND ACTS
• Very soon after the Stamp Act
was repealed Parliament passed
the Townshend Acts.
• These new taxes taxed
EVERYTHING imported into the
colonies.
• Included everyday items such as
glass, tea, paper, lead. All products
that the colonies did not produce
and were forced to import.
COMIC BOOK TAXES… PROJECT (20PTS)
• Draw a comic depicting peoples reactions as they got
each new tax… (make sure the taxes are in the right
order.)
• Include the following
• Years the taxes were put into effect
• Each scene should show how a town reacted to ANOTHER tax,
OR show the items that were being taxed.
• Minimum of three scenes.
• Alternatively, you can create a short story/diary entry to
complete this assignment (min 1.5pg)
• Use your notes to ensure you have the right dates/things
being taxed. (There are three separate taxes)
Warm up Activity:
1. What three taxes did the British
impose on the Colonist as a result
of the French and Indian war, who
imposed them?
2. Which tax did the colonist protest
so heavily that it was revoked?
3. OCSR: What was Lord Baltimore’s
plan to ensure they never went
hungry in Maryland?
4. Define: Inflation, Militia.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• How did the events in
Boston (Boston Massacre,
and Boston Tea Party)
contribute to the start of the
American Revolution?
• SS.8.A.3.2: Explain American
colonial reaction to British policy
from 1763-1774.
BOSTON
MASSACRE
• Tensions between the Colonist and
the British were at an all time high.
• Protests over taxes were common
throughout the colonies.
• On March 5, 1770 that tension
boiled over.
• The Boston Massacre.
• Angry townspeople cornered British
“Redcoats” and pelted them with
rocks, snowballs, and bats.
• The Redcoats responded and shoot 7
times. Killing 5 colonists.
THE BOSTON TEA
PARTY
• Another act was passed in 1773. The
Tea Act. This act made Tea easily
shippable INTO the colonies, how
does that factor into the Townshend
act?
• Samuel Adams and the Boston sons
of Liberty snuck onto the Dartmouth
(ship) December 16th 1773, disguised
as Indians wearing their hair in
Mohawks, threw 342 chests of Tea
Overboard. (Equivalent to 1,000,000
dollars of today’s money.
• The King of England said of this event
“we must master them or totally
leave them alone”
• What does that mean?
BOSTON EVENT’S
• You are now responsible for
completing the Boston Tea
Party interview assignment,
and the Boston Massacre
propaganda project.
• Do the INTERVIEW project
first.
• Interview Project is due one
week from today.
Warm up Activity:
1. What was the Boston Tea Party
a reaction to?
2. What did the Sons of liberty
dress up as in the Boston Tea
Party, why would they do this?
3. OCSR: Why did the New
England Colonist consider
themselves pilgrims?
4. Define: Ratify, Mercenary.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• A majority of the Founding
Fathers of the constitution
contributed to a meeting of
the minds, what was this
meeting called? What did it
accomplish.
• SS.8.A.3.3: Recognize the
contributions of the founding
fathers during American
Revolutionary efforts.
REACTION TO THE TEA
PARTY
• 1774 Parliament passed the
Coercive Acts which was
intended to punish Boston. It
closed down the Boston Harbor
until they paid for the spilled
Tea. This meant that Boston
would get no food, or other
supplies that arrived by ship.
• They were also not allowed to
have town meetings. They
were in effect losing their rights.
A CALL TO ARMS
• Knowing what was to come
all of the Colonies (except
Georgia) sent delegates to a
meeting in Philadelphia.
• September 1774, 55 men
gathered together to
establish a political body to
represent AMERICAN interest
and challenge British Control.
• They called the new group
The Continental Congress.
IMPORTANT
DELEGATES
•
•
•
•
•
•
John Adams
Samuel Adams
John Jay
Richard Henry Lee
Patrick Henry
George Washington.
John Adams
George
Washington
Samuel
Adams
DECISIONS OF THE
CONGRESS
• The delegates all had different
ideas but were united by a
common cause and vision.
• They drafted a statement of
grievances calling to Britain that 13
acts passed since 1763 should be
repealed.
• They also voted to boycott (protest)
all British goods and trade.
• They also decided to arm the
colonists.
Warm up Activity:
1. Who were (3) of the
important delegates at the
Constitutional Convention?
2. What were the Coercive
Acts?
3. OCSR: Why did the relations
between French+Indians and
English+Indians differ?
4. Define: Militia, Minutemen.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What was the first battle of
the American Revolution?
What was this battle over?
• SS.8.A.3.6: Examine the
causes, course, and
consequences of the
American Revolution.
TYPES OF
SOLDIERS
• The colonists did not have a large
standing army. Instead they relied
on a few different types of soldiers.
• Militia: groups of citizen soldiers.
Normal people armed with guns.
• Minutemen: men who promised they
would fight and be ready within a
minute. (basically they lived
normally until they were needed).
• The Colonists were preparing for the
battle that everyone knew was
coming.
BRITAIN’S
RESPONSE
• The British knew what was
coming and King George said
“blows must decide” who will
control the Americas.
• By April 1775 several thousand
redcoats (British Soldiers) were
in the Americas.
THE FIRST BATTLE LEXINGTON AND
CONCORD
• The redcoats found out that the colonists were keeping their
arms in a depot in Concord.
• April 18, 1775 the redcoats met a force of about 70
minutemen. A shot was fired, then both sides let loose. Eight
minutemen lay dead, then they retreated.
• When the British arrived in Concord they found that the
militias weapons had already been moved.
• As the British rode toward Boston farmers, blacksmiths, saddle
makers, etc all hid and shot at the redcoats. By the time they
reached Boston 174 had been shot and wounded, and 73
had been killed.
BENEDICT ARNOLD
• Benedict Arnold was a
Captain in the Connecticut
militia.
• He switched sides and
became a General in the
British army.
• He was known as a traitor.
• Benedict Arnold Homework
BUILDING AN ARMY
• After Lexington and
Concord they sent out calls
for people to join the army.
• 20,000 people joined and
for weeks the British and
American troops waited to
see who would make the
next move.
THE PATH TO WAR (25PTS)
• Make a cause and effect chart which depicts reasons
why the Colonies went to war with Great Britain.
• Include…
• Taxes (Sugar, Townshend, Stamp)
• Events (Boston tea party, Boston massacre)
• First Battle (Lexington and Concord)
• You can do this assignment 1 of 2 ways.
• WRITE 2-3 Sentences about each major event for cause, and 2-3
sentences for effect.
• Draw a comic strip that depicts the cause and effect of each
event. Write a ½ page summary as well.
Warm up Activity:
1. What is the difference between
Militia and Minutemen?
2. Who said the quote “Blows must
decide who controls the
Americas”
3. OCSR: What colony required
the farmers the grow at least
two acres of corn in addition to
their tobacco?
4. Define: Loyalist, Patriots.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What is the difference
between a loyalist and a
patriot? Were the founding
fathers loyalists or patriots?
• SS.8.A.3.3: Recognize the
contributions of the
founding fathers during
American Revolutionary
efforts.
THE BATTLE OF
BUNKER HILL
• June 16, 1775. 1200 militia set up
defense atop of Bunker Hill. The
British decided to take the hill.
• The British charged up the hill and
the Americans were winning…
however they were running low on
gunpowder (basically bullets).
• “Don’t fire until you see the whites
of their eyes” was a famous quote
from this battle.
• Eventually the Americans ran out
of gunpowder and retreated.
• The British won the battle however
lost 1000 men. They now realized
this would not be an easy war.
PICKING SIDES
• With a revolution underway the
average colonist had to pick sides.
• Loyalists: Choose to side with the
British.
• They thought that taxes were not reason
enough to rebel.
• They thought the British would win and
wanted to be on the winning side.
• Patriots: were determined to fight
the British until they won their
independence.
MOVING TOWARD
INDEPENDENCE
• The Second Continental
Congress began to govern the
colonies.
• It set up the printing of money
• It created a Continental Army
• Appointed George Washington as the
Armies Commander.
IMPORTANT MEMBERS OF THE SECOND
CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
John and Samuel Adams
Patrick Henry
Richard Henry Lee
George Washington.
Benjamin Franklin: one of the most respected men in
the colonies.
• John Hancock: Wealth Merchant who funded many
patriot groups.
• Thomas Jefferson: Brilliant thinker and writer.
•
•
•
•
•
Warm up Activity:
1. Would you be a loyalist or a
Patriot, why?
2. What was an important
achievement of the Second
Continental Congress?
3. OCSR: How were slaves
transported to the Colonies?
4. Define: Thomas Paine,
Preamble.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• Who was responsible for
writing the Pamphlet Common
Sense?
• SS.8.A.3.5: Describe the
influence of individuals on
social and political
developments during the
Revolutionary era.
LAST CHANCE
• In July of 1774 in order to
avoid going to full scale war
the Second Continental
Congress sent King George a
petition called The Olive
Branch Petition.
• It ensured the king that the
colonist only desired peace.
• It asked the King to protect the
colonists rights.
• King George refused, and sent
even more troops to America.
COMMON SENSE
Common Sense Primary Source Homework
• In 1776 Thomas Paine
published a pamphlet called
Common Sense. It called for
the complete independence
from Britain.
• “Stop squabbling over taxes,
and struggle for freedom”
• Common Sense Handout
DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
• Jefferson was chosen to
write the Declaration.
• July 4, 1776 the Declaration
of Independence was
approved.
• John Hancock was the first
to sign the Declaration.
WHAT IF… (10PTS)
• Take out a piece of binder paper.
• You will write a 1 page paper about what YOU THINK the
world would look like if America never became
America.
• What would have happened if King George and the
British won the war?
• How would America be different?
• Would we be British?
• How would it affect the rest of the world?
QUIZ REVIEW QUESTIONS (16PTS)
1. What is the primary message of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?
2. Which meeting of the Continental Congress do you think was the
most important, why?
3. Explain the difference between Minutemen and Militia
4. What is the difference between a Loyalist and a Patriot?
5. What was the first battle of the American Revolution? What was
this battle over?
6. Describe the concept of “Taxation without representation.”
7. Explain in detail the two events that occurred in Boston that
contributed to the beginning of the American Revolution.
8. What taxes played a large role in the beginning of the American
Revolution, what war were the colonist being taxed on?
Warm up Activity:
1. Who was the first person to
sign the Declaration of
Independence?
2. Who wrote the pamphlet
Common Sense?
3. FCIM: What is importing, and
what is exporting?
4. Define: Preamble, Benedict
Arnold.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What should you do to
prepare for the upcoming
Quizzes?
• SS.8.A.3.7: Examine the
structure, content, and
consequences of the
Declaration of
Independence.
UNIT III VOCABULARY
BINGO!!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Revenue 13.
Boycott
14.
Repeal
15.
Propagand 16.
a
Militia
17.
Minutemen
Loyalists
18.
Patriots
Preamble
Mercenary 19.
Benedict
20.
Arnold
Blockade
Privateer
Ratify
Desert
Thomas
Paine
General
Charles
Cornwallis
Battle of
York Town
Daughters
of liberty
Inflation
Create a bingo chart similar to the one
below. You may need to use words
multiple times. You can’t use any word
more than twice. Place them in a
random order!!!
Warm up Activity:
1. Who wrote the Declaration of
Independence?
2. What was the Olive Branch
Petition?
3. OCSR: Why were slaves
required in the South?
4. Define: Militia, The Battle of
Yorktown
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What DID you do to
prepare for the quizzes
today?
• SS.8.A.3.7: Examine the
structure, content, and
consequences of the
Declaration of
Independence.
VOCAB QUIZ/QUIZ
GOOD LUCK
Warm up Activity:
1. What is the Olive Branch
Petition?
2. WHEN was the Declaration of
Independence written?
3. OCSR: Why did Smugglers
begin to illegally sell their
goods?
4. Define: Preamble, Inflation.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What is the Preamble of the
Declaration of
Independence?
• SS.8.A.3.7: Examine the
structure, content, and
consequences of the
Declaration of
Independence.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
•
•
•
•
The Declaration has three major sections.
Preamble (introduction)
Declaration of Natural Rights
List of Grievances
PREAMBLE
• When in the course of human events, it becomes
necessary for one people to dissolve the political
bands which have connected them with another,
and to assume among the powers of the earth, the
separate and equal station to which the laws of
nature and of natures god entitle them, a decent
respect to the opinions of mankind requires that
they should declare the causes which impel them
to the separation.
DECLARATION OF NATURAL RIGHTS
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these
are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
That to secure these rights, Governments are institution among Men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the governed,
That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the
Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government,
laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as
to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence
indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be change for
light and transiet causes; and accordingly all experience hate shown, that
mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, that to right
themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a
long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces
a design to reducte them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty,
to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the
necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The
history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and
usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny
over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public
good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance,
unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so
suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of
people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the
legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and
distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing
them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness
his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby
the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for
their exercise; the state remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion
from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the
laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration
hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing
judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount
and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our
people, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our
legislature.
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and
unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit
on the inhabitants of these states:
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing taxes on us without our consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses:
For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing
therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at
once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule in
these colonies:
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering
fundamentally the forms of our governments:
For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power
to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and
waging war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, and destroyed
the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the
works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of
cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally
unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms
against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or
to fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on
the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of
warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most
humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated
injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a
tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned
them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an
unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances
of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice
and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common
kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our
connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of
justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity,
which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind,
enemies in war, in peace friends.
RESOLUTION OF INDEPENDENCE BY
THE UNITED STATES
We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in
General Congress, assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of
the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and
by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly
publish and declare, that these united colonies are, and of right
ought to be free and independent states; that they are absolved
from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political
connection between them and the state of Great Britain, is and
ought to be totally dissolved; and that as free and independent
states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract
alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things
which independent states may of right do. And for the support of
this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine
Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our
fortunes and our sacred honor.
PEOPLE WHO SIGNED THE
DECLARATION
New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton
Massachusetts: John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry
Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery
Connecticut: Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott
New York: William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris
New Jersey: Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark
Pennsylvania: Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer,
James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross
Delaware: Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean
Maryland: Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia: George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas
Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton
North Carolina: William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn
South Carolina: Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton
Georgia: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton
Warm up Activity:
1. Who was the first person
to sign the Declaration of
Independence?
2. What is the Preamble?
3. OCSR: When was the
Magna Carta written?
4. Define: Loyalist, Patriots
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What document did the
colonist create that
ENSURED there would be a
war?
• SS.8.A.3.6: Examine the
causes, course, and
consequences of the
American Revolution.
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• The American Revolution
lasted from 1776-1783.
• America declared its
independence in 1776, war
was unavoidable.
• Both sides thought the war
would be short.
• English thought they would crush
the rebellion.
• Patriots thought the British would
give up. After losing a few
battles.
MILITARY FORCES
• British
• Strongest Navy in the world.
• Experienced well trained
army.
• Wealth of a worldwide
empire.
• Population of 8million.
• American
No navy.
No regular army.
No military experience.
Weapons and ammo
in short supply.
– Population of 2.5million.
– Some colonials didn’t
support the revolution.
Loyalists, or neutrals.
–
–
–
–
LOYALISTS
• Loyalists: Those who remained loyal
to Britain and opposed the war for
independence. Also called Tories.
• 1/5 Americans were loyalists.
(Speculated maybe as many as 1/3.)
“Neighbor was against
neighbor, father against
son and son against father.
He that would not thrust his
own blade through his
brother’s heart was called
an infamous villain.”
• They supported the British for many
reasons.
• 1. They supported whoever they
thought would win.
• 2. They belonged to the church of
England.
• 3. Scared they would lose their jobs.
AFRICAN AMERICAN
LOYALISTS
• Many African American
slaves were loyalists.
• Why?
• The British offered the enslaved
people freedom if they fought
on their side.
• A lot of these freed slaves
ended up in Canada or Sierra
Leone, Africa.
Warm up Activity:
1. Who had the more established
army, the British or the Colonists?
2. What were three main reasons
people remained loyalists?
3. OCSR: Who did Pocahontas
really end up married to? And
what happened to her.
4. Define: General Cornwallis, Battle
of Bunker Hill.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• Why was the defeat of
Britain at The Battle of
Saratoga significant?
• SS.8.A.3.6: Examine the
causes, course, and
consequences of the
American Revolution.
PATRIOT
ADVANTAGES
• What were some advantages
the patriots had over the
redcoats?
• Fighting on their own ground.
(Easier to defend than conquer)
• British had to ship soldiers and
supplies across the ocean.
• British mercenaries fought for
money, while Patriots fought for
freedom.
• Americans had George
Washington, a great military leader.
AMERICANS
NEEDED SOLDIERS
• As the war continued American
soldiers began to leave the army
(they enlisted for only 1 year) or
they ran away from the army.
• Soldiers were desperately needed.
• African Americans were now
allowed to serve and fight on the
side of the Americans.
• They fought for money, or to gain
their freedom.
AMERICA’S FLAG
• 1777-1795 The continental
congress designed America’s first
flag.
• 13 stripes alternating between
red and white
• 13 stars white in a blue field
representing a new constellation.
• Red = courage
• White = purity of ideals
• Blue = strength and Unity of the
States.
WAR WAGES ON…
• The British and American armies
traded many victories and
defeats…
• The Americans gained an
important victory at the Battle
of Saratoga.
• The defeated British (5,700)
surrendered while a Patriot band
played “Yankee Doodle”
FLAG PROJECT (15PTS)
• Create your own CUSTOM FLAG.
• On the back of the paper write
what your flag represents,
1. What do the colors stand for?
2. What is your country called?
3. What type of government would
your country have?
• WRITE THESE IN FULL SENTENCES!!!
Warm up Activity:
1. What do the stripes/colors
represent on the flag?
2. What do the stars represent on
the flag?
3. OCSR: In the colonies who
were the only people who
could vote?
4. Define: General Charles
Cornwallis, Battle of York Town.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What is the significance of
the Battle of York Town?
• SS.8.A.3.6: Examine the
causes, course, and
consequences of the
American Revolution.
AMERICA THE STORY OF US
• Part 2: America the Story of US: Rebels
SARATOGA’S AFTER EFFECTS…
Cause of French-American Alliance
• Longstanding hostility between Britain
and France.
•Conflict between Britain and France
during French and Indian War.
• Victory at Saratoga boosts French
confidence in Patriots.
Effects of French-American Alliance.
• France lends money to the Continental
Congress
•France sends soldiers and ships to help
American forces.
• Americans win independence.
• October 1777 after the Battle of
Saratoga American spirits were at
an all time high.
• Saratoga was a turning point in the
war.
• In February 1778 the French
declared their support and formed
an alliance with the Americans.
They sent money, equipment,
troops to aid the Patriots.
• Benjamin Franklin was largely
responsible for this. He spent over a
year in France gaining support for the
Americans.
THE WAR AT SEA
• The British had the worlds most
powerful navy.
• Americans were blockaded
by the British.
• The Continental Congress
approved privateers, basically
pirate ships to go and fight the
British and they could keep
whatever goods they took.
AMERICAN
INDEPENDENCE
• The Battle of Yorktown
Cornwallis
• General Washington had utilized
the French’s aid to trap General
Cornwallis (England).
• Cornwallis was outnumbered by
American troops, as well as cut of
by the French in the sea. He was
trapped.
• When British supplies began to run
low it happened….
• October 19 1781 General Cornwallis
Surrendered.
• He didn’t surrender himself, he sent
up “the little drummer boy”
Battle of Yorktown handout (15pts)
INDEPENDENCE
• Yorktown was not the
“final battle” in the
American Revolution,
however it signified the
end of the war as it
convinced the British
that the war was too
costly to pursue.
Warm up Activity:
1. Did the fighting 100% stop after
The Battle of Yorktown?
2. Who helped the Colonist
defeat General Cornwallis?
3. OCSR: What was the
importance of having Masters
and Apprentices in colonial
times?
4. Define: General Charles
Cornwallis, Battle of York Town.
DAILY QUESTION TO KNOW (ESSENTIAL QUESTION)
• What did the Treaty of Paris
do?
• SS.8.A.3.8: Examine
individuals and groups that
affected political and social
motivations during the
American Revolution.
TREATY OF PARIS
• England and America now had
to work out a treaty.
• America sent its delegates
• Benjamin Franklin, John Adams,
John Jay.
• The Treaty of Paris was signed
September 3, 1783.
• Great Britain recognized the United
States as an independent Nation.
WHY AMERICA WON
• They were fighting on their home
field. The British had to rely on
shipping troops and supplies.
• As soon as the British ships were
stopped (privateers and the French)
they lost their support.
• Help from foreign nations.
• Loans from France (money, troops,
weapons, ships).
• Spanish attacks on the French in
Louisiana.
• “Peoples movement”
• The war wasn’t about countries or
battles. It was about peoples
determination to be free.
UNIT 3 TEST REVIEW QUESTIONS
UNIT 3 JEOPARDY
• Medium
• Hard
UNIT III EXAM