Transcript The French Revolution

What happened after the French
Revolution?
Chapter 7, Sections 3-5
Review – Events of the Revolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Problems of the Old Regime
The Enlightenment
The Estates General/National Assembly
Limited Monarchy
The Execution of Louis XVI
The New Republic/The Reign of Terror
The Execution of Robespierre
Coup d’Etat – Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Forges an Empire
Chapter 7, Section 3
Napoleon Takes Power
• In November 1799, Napoleon seized power
from the Directory
– Under military threat, they dissolved the Directory
and established three consuls
– Napoleon became first consul, with the power of
a dictator
– Britain, Russia, and Austria joined forces to get
rid of him
– War and diplomacy created peace by 1802.
Napoleon Rules France
• He held a plebiscite (a vote of the people) to
secure his power.
• He stabilized the economy by streamlining
taxes, banking, and training public officials.
– Lycees – school for public officials
– Napoleonic Code – a uniform set of laws that
applied equally to all citizens
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• He could not regain control of French territory
in the Americas lost during the revolution.
• Instead, he focused on increasing his power in
Europe.
– He already controlled parts of Italy and
Switzerland.
– Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden fought back.
• By 1812, he controlled the Netherlands, the
German States and Poland, Italy, and Spain.
Reading the Text PG 231-233
1. Why did Napoleon decide to focus on
increasing his power in Europe?
2. Who resisted Napoleon’s efforts to control
more territory in Europe?
3. What were the two important consequences
of the Battle of Trafalgar?
Battle of Trafalgar
• Napoleon’s military successes forced Austria,
Russia, and Prussia to sign peace treaties.
• 1805 battle between the British and French
navies off the southwest coast of Spain.
• The French fleet was destroyed, and the battle
had two important consequences:
1. Ensured the supremacy of the British Navy for the
next 100 years.
2. Forced Napoleon to give up his dream of invading
Britain.
The French Empire
• By 1812, the only areas free from Napoleon’s
power were Britain, Portugal, and Sweden.
• He had replaced a lot of monarchs with his
family members: puppet governments.
• He had some power over the countries that
had signed peace treaties with him.
• The empire was huge, but unstable: it lasted
from 1807 to 1812 before it fell apart.
Chapter 7 Section 4
CAUSE/EFFECT NOTES
Map Activity (Page 240)
• Europe, 1810
– French Empire, Countries controlled by Napoleon,
Countries allied with Napoleon, Countries at war
with Napoleon, and Neutral Countries.
• Europe, 1817
– France, Spain, Portugal, The UK, Switzerland,
Kingdom of Sardinia, Kingdom of the Netherlands,
The German Confederation, The Austrian Empire,
and the Russian Empire.
Map Activity
• After both sides of the map are complete,
answer the following questions. Turn
everything in when you are finished!
1. Why would joining the Austrian Netherlands and
the Dutch Republic help contain France?
2. How did joining 39 German states into a
confederation help keep France in check?
3. Why didn’t the Congress of Vienna take more
land from France?
The Congress of Vienna
Chapter 7 Section 5
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• The Congress of Vienna
– Held in secret during the winter of 1814-1815.
– Decisions were made by Russia, Austria, Britain,
Prussia, and France.
– Dominated by Prince Klemens von Metternich of
Austria.
– Primary Goal: Collective security and stability of
the entire European continent.
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• Metternich’s Goals:
– Prevent future French aggression
• Surround France with powerful countries
– Restore a balance of power
• Keep any one country from becoming too powerful
– Restore legitimacy
• Restore the original monarchies removed by Napoleon
The Containment of France
• The former Austrian Netherlands and Dutch
Republic were united.
• Created the new German Confederation,
dominated by Austria.
• Switzerland was made independent.
• The Kingdom of Sardinia was strengthened by
adding Genoa.
• This created a balance of power.
Legitimacy
• Idea that as many royal families as possible
should be restored to power.
• Ruling families of France, Spain, and several
Italian and Central European states got their
thrones back.
• The Congress believed that restoring
monarchies would create political stability –
no more wars and/or revolutions.
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
1. Conservative Europe:
– Holy Alliance: agreement between Russia,
Austria, and Prussia to combat revolutions.
– Concert of Europe: monarchs agreed to help
each other if revolutions broke out again.
2. Revolutions in Latin America:
– Spain had lost control of their colonies when
Napoleon took over.
– They tried to regain control, but could not. The
colonies became independent countries.
Long-Term Legacies
1. Diminished the power of France, but increased
the power of Britain and Prussia.
2. Nationalism began to spread in Germany, Italy,
Greece, and other areas under foreign control.
3. European colonies were affected by and
responded to the power shift.
4. Ideas about the basis of power and authority
had changed during the French Revolution.
– More and more people saw democracy as the best
way to ensure equality and justice for all.