Genetically Modified Foods

Галич О.В., вчитель англійської мови, Городищенський економічний ліцей

History of GMO

► Scientists first discovered that DNA can transfer between organisms in 1946. The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant.

► GMOs have had specific changes introduced into genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise than mutagenesis where an organism is exposed to radiation or chemicals to create a non specific but stable change.

► In 1994, the transgenic Flavr Savr tomato was approved by the FDA for marketing in the US-the modification allowed the tomato to delay ripening after picking.

► Currently, there are several GM crops that are food sources. In some cases, the product is directly commodities, which are further processed into food ingredients.

Common GM Foods

► Vegetables ► Tomatoes ► Potatoes ► Rice ► Cheese ► Meat

Possible Benefits of GM Foods

Easing of world hunger ► Development of crops that can be grown in marginal soil Reduced strain on nonrenewable resources ► ► Development of drought resistant crops Development of salt-tolerant crops

Possible Benefits of GM Foods

Reduced use of pesticides and herbicides ► Development of pest resistant crops ► Reduced herbicide use is better for the environment and reduces costs for farmers

Possible Benefits of GM Foods Improved crop quality ► Development of frost resistant crops ► Development of disease resistant crops ► Development of flood resistant crops

Possible Benefits of GM Foods Improved nutritional quality ► Development of foods designed to meet specific nutritional goals

Who makes sure GM foods are safe?

Government agencies regulate GM foods ► GM foods in the United States are required to be labeled only if the nutritional value is changed or a new allergen is introduced.

Possible Risks of GM Foods

► Insects might develop resistance to pesticide producing GM crops ► Herbicide-tolerant crops may cross pollinate weeds, resulting in "superweeds"

Possible Risks for GM Foods

► Certain gene products may be allergens, thus causing harm to human health ► There may be unintended harm to wildlife and beneficial insects

Бібліографія

► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_mo dified_organism ► http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Hum an_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtml

► http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfoo d/overview.php