Transcript Constructing Regional Advantage from Innovation Systems

Constructing Regional Advantage
from Innovation Systems
Phil Cooke
Centre for Advanced Studies
University of Wales, Cardiff
Presented at INGENIO Conference in Valencia,
7 June, 2007
The Argument in Brief
• Shift to a Knowledge Economy
• Regional KE Disparities 2 x GDP Gap
• FDI Diverts from W. to E. Europe, Asia
(esp. China) & N. Africa
• RDAs struggle to switch towards
‘Entrepreneurship’ & ‘Knowledge-seeking’
• Serious Innovation System Barriers but
Interesting Experimentation
Knowledge Economy Index: Regions Ranked 152 to 189 in 1998 to 2006
40
Basilicata
Abruzzo
37.36
36.78
M ecklenburg-Vorpommern
Umbria
36.43
36.35
M arche 35.51
35
Steiermark
35.34
Border, M idlands and Western 34.81
Sicilia
Tirol
34.81
33.64
Toscana
30
33.08
Burgenland
32.8
Sardegna 31.22
Provincia Autonoma Bolzano
Puglia
30.41
Cantabria
25
30.65
28.46
Galicia 28.42
Comunidad Valenciana
Principado de Asturias
28.3
27.66
Castilla y León 27.54
Andalucia
20
26.68
La Rioja 26.01
Kentriki M akedonia 25.92
Illes Balears 25.56
15
Castilla-la M ancha
24.88
Regió de M urcia
24.63
Thessalia
23.53
Dytiki Ellada
Norte
22.54
21.78
Sterea Ellada 20.19
Anatoliki M akedonia, Thraki 19.68
10
KIS_MAN_HM_98
KIS_MAN_HM_02
KIS_MAN_HM_06
Peloponnisos 17.38
Knowledge Economy Index: Regional Knowledge Economies Ranked Top 30 1998-2006
What Is An Innovation System?
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Set of Nodes in Innovation Chains
Systemic, Interactive Linkages
Knowledge Generation Firms & Institutions
Knowledge Exploitation Firms
Soft Infrastructure
Financing
Commercialisation and Marketing
Feedback and Policy Support
Regional Innovation Systems
• Knowledge Generation & Exploitation Subsystems
• Boundary-crossing problem
• Entrepreneurial RIS – ERIS (markets)
• Institutional RIS – IRIS (RDAs etc.)
• Functioning ERIS Greater Boston
• Functioning IRIS Baden-Wurttemberg
• ‘Developmental State’ IRIS – Wales
• ‘Knowledge Economy’ IRIS - Scotland
Tendency Towards Networking
GRASSROOTS
NETWORK
DIRIGISTE
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O
Slovenia
C
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Tuscany
L
Tampere
Tohoku
Denmark
(Japan)
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B
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U
T
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Catalonia
A
Baden-
Gyeonggi
Württemberg
(Korea)
S
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T
N
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N
V
O
E
V
G
A
L
O
T
Ontario
B
North RhineWestphalia
A
Singapore
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N
L
Brabant
I
(NL)
Wales
S
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D
GOVERNANCE OF ENTERPRISE
INNOVATION SUPPORT
‘Developmental States’
• Globalisation diverts to E. Europe, Asia etc.
means FDI drought in less favoured regions in
Western EU, such as Basque C., Wales etc.
• Entrepreneurship & Innovation
• Structural Funds – part of Wales now Objective1
• Entrepreneurship Action Plan
• Finance Wales
• Knowledge Exploitation Fund
• Technium
• Multiple Disconnects
National Botanic Gardens &
BioTechnium Wales
Preseli: related variety
Regional Knowledge Economies Ranked from 31 to 61 1998-2006
Rural Knowledges: Monmouthshire Wales
• 20 Gastropubs
• 35 Organic Farms
– 13 Beef
– 12 Lamb
– 10 Horticulture
• 15 Vineyards
• 8 Art Galleries
• 1 National Park
• 10 Farmer’s Markets
• Abergavenny Food
Festival, 30.000 visitors
• Wales International Film
School
• Ryder Cup Golf 2010
Tuscany Art-Food System
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Wine Associations e.g. Chianti, Grossetto
Tuscany Region/‘Strade Del Vino’ – 16 Wine Tours
Hospitality Association – Benvenuti in Toscana
Enoteca Training, Fiesole (nr. Florence)
High School & University Cuisine Training
Racolta Organic Food Distribution
Cuisine Farms, Art Farms, Agro-Tourism
Etruscan, Roman Archaeology
3 Eco-Museums, GeoParks
Orchestras, Music Schools (e.g. Limana), Art Institutions,
L’Accademia Fine Arts, Florence
Skåne Food Cluster
• A regional agro-food innovation network established in Skåne in
1994 .A research-technology led governance structure,
– Functional, Conventional
– Organic foods excluded
Methodology – main focus on functional food
– Integration of Engineering (food technology), Nutrition,
Functional Foods etc.
• High focus on future ’food-health’ markets BUT
• Exclusion of Malmö ‘Food & Environment’ programme (100%
organic shool meals by 2012)
• Neglect of Copenhagen’s Dogme (75% organic food in all municipal
kitchens by 2009)
• 80% Sweden’s food market ‘institutional’; 20% private consumption
Skåne Food Cluster: aspects for
reflection
• Academe-biotechnology push too pronounced
– research-industry, research-market gaps & inwardly focused
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Imbalance in governance
– Local authority yet to fully integrate
– Only 33% of Skåne agro-food firms engaged
– Most are, large, conventional ‘cook-chill’ firms
• Exclusion of Organic Food Interests
– Despite its fast market growth, big local ‘institutional’ markets (&
interaction with aspects of S&T e.g. breeding, genetic selection)
• Better external Branding needed
– Slow opening out internationally, e.g. Mona Carota
– International Food & Health Conference initiative commendable
Finland: Lahti Region – Furniture to Nano
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The key aim is to explore market potentials of regional
assets and capabilities,
These explorations define regional development
platforms in conceptual terms.
Regional development platforms are asset
configurations evolved from path dependencies aimed
at examining and exploiting market potential,
Regional platform actors include firms, intermediaries,
knowledge centres, research, cultural and talent
formation organisations,
Regional platforms comprise industry and knowledge in
context of techno-economic paradigm change or ‘global
megatrends’ relevant to the specific region.
Lahti RDPM model very advanced, expert panels,
leadership, envisioning, new platforms
Lahti’s Nanotechnologies – from atom slices
to bacteria & DNA
Lahti Regional Development Platform
Method
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Seeking to construct regional advantage
After traditional furniture industry decline
Expert envisioning panels
Outside experts
Nanotechnologies for environmental and
healthcare platforms
• Platforms link from Corn-Food-BiofuelsHealth-Sport-Environment Platform
Rogaland-Stavanger Culinary Innovation Platform
Stavanger-Rogaland
”Norway’s Finest Culinary Cluster”
”Fusion” Restaurants Etc.
Gourmet Restaurants
Bocuse D’Or European Cuisine Championships, “Buffet”
Chef, “Young Chefs” Competitions, “Green
Fair, Gladmat, Food & Wine Festivals
Gourmet Chefs, Sommeliers &
Waiters
Regional, National and Global Supplier
Industries (e.g. Horticulture, Organic
Seafood and Meat, Non-organic Food,
Ceramics, Wine, Beer and Spirits, Equity
Finance, Culinary Law and Logistics, Chilling
and Freezing, Restaurant Design)
Aquaculture
Research
‘Meat and
Drink Arena’
Gastronomisk
Institutt
University of Stavanger
Hospitality and Tourism
Management
Food High School Training
Regions and Counties
Food Science Training
Innovation Norway
Government of Norway
Research on
Omega 3 Food
Enrichment
RELATED VARIETY PLATFORM:
Forestry Diversification
Information Technology
Sensors, measuring & control
Computational intelligence, simulation and machine vision
Multimedia and telecommunication
Tomography
FORESTRY
Manufacturing Technology
Forestry machines
Process & production machinery
Materials technology
FOREST INDUSTRY
Pulp & Paper Technology
Wood Products Industry
Machines, Machinery & Processes
Biotechnology
Enzymes
Rot protection
Gene technology
Markets
Quality
Price
Environ-mental
Construction &
Wood technology
Wood modifying
Construction/archi
tecture
Logistics,
assembly
Chemical Technology
Bleaching
Surface treatment
Pigments, adhesives
Knowledge Base, Innovation System &
Platform
Fig. 11: Conceptual Model Linking the Knowledge Base, the Innovation System
and a Stylised Bio-Industrial Platform with Platform Policies (e.g. Combination
of Training, Innovation, Environmental, Marketing, etc)
Related Variety Industry Platform
Petrochemicals>Biologics
Plastics > Bioplastics
Biopharmaceuticals & Medical
National & Regional Platform Policies
Knowledge Exploitation
National & Regional Innovation Systems
Knowledge Exploration
Scientific & Technological Knowledge Base, Research Centres of
Excellence, Talent Formation of Industrial and Social Relevance
Engineering
Physics
Chemistry
Biosciences
Which One(s)....and Which Combinations? Which are Strong, which are Weak in the Region?
Conclusions
• Knowledge Economies create new pressures
for economic development
• Construct/reconstruct Knowledge
Generation/Exploitation System
• Market Failure means IRIS ‘Constructed
Advantage’ not ERIS
• Public Sector Innovation Drivers, Sustainability,
Regulation?
• Smarter, Deeper ‘Knowledge Flows’ Measures
to ‘Construct Advantage’
Thank You and Good Bye!
Prof. Phil Cooke
Centre for Advanced Studies
University of Wales, Cardiff
Regional Industrial Research
Reports @
http://cass.wales.com
www.cf.ac.uk/cass