Transcript HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES IN MINERALOGY AT ESRF …

HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES IN
MINERALOGY AT
ESRF SYNCHROTRON
Davide Levy
European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities,
BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France
E-mail: [email protected]
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PRESSURE (bar)
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10-31
10-22
10-19
10-16
10-13
10-10
10-7
10-6
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
10
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
1010
1016
1025
1028
Non equilibrium "pressure" of hydrogen gas in intergalactic space.
Non equilibrium "pressure" of cosmic microwave background radiation.
Pressure in interplanetary space.
Best vacuum achieved in laboratory.
Atmospheric pressure at altitude of 300 miles.
Pressure of strong sunlight at surface of earth.
Partial pressure of hydrogen in atmosphere at sea level.
Best vacuum attainable with mechanical pump.-Radiation pressure at surface of sun.
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmosphere at sea level.
Vapour pressure of water at triple point of water.
Pressure inside light bulb.
Atmospheric pressure at summit of Mount Everest.
Atmospheric pressure at sea level.
Maximum pressure inside cylinder of high compression engine-Air pressure in high-pressure bicycle tyre.
Steam pressure in boiler of a power plant.-Peak pressure of fist on concrete during karate strike.
Pressure at greatest depths in oceans.
Pressure at which mercury solidifies at room temperature.-Pressure at which graphite becomes diamond.
Highest pressure attainable in laboratory before diamond anvil cell
Highest pressure achieved with diamond anvil cell-Pressure at centre of Earth.
Pressure at centre of Saturn.
Pressure at centre of Jupiter- Radiation pressure at centre of sun.
Pressure at centre of sun.
Pressure at centre of red-giant star- Pressure at centre of white-dwarf star.
Pressure at centre of super-dense star.
Pressure at centre of neutron star.
The High Pressure mineralogy at ID9
• Instrumentation:
-general features
-optics
-Diamond Anvil Cell
-ruby fluorescence system
• Mineralogical studies at HP:
-Spinels
-Andradite
-Omphacite
-Zeolite (scolecite)
Principal features of ID9
• Insertion devices: 70mm Wiggler
46mm Ondulator
• Optics for HP:Vertical mirror
Bended Laue monochromator
(Bragg-Bragg monochromator)
• Beam dimension: 30x30m (typical)
15x15m (possible)
Optics Hutch
Primary and
Secondary
Slits 1
Front-end
Monochromator
Slits
Mirror
Monochromator
Beamstop
Storage
Ring
Be Window
Secondary
Slits 2
Hutch
Wall
Beam to
ID9 TR
Mirror 2
Tunnel
Wall
Absorber
Monochromator
Beamstop
Beam to
ID9 HP
Experimental Hutch
Hutch
Wall
Absorber
Laue
Monochromator
H&V
Slits
Cleaning
Slits
H&V
Slits
Fluorescence
Shield
Beamstop
DAC
Image
Plate
Laue Bended Monochromator
Bender
Monochromator
White
Beam
Cooling water
Diamond Anvil Cell (2)
Diamond Anvil Cell (3)
Gas in
Gas out
Diamond Anvil Cell (1)
Pressure Determination
Ruby
Laser
Spectrometer
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
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0
6900
7000
7100
7200
Spinel at HP (1)
Spinel at HP (2)
Spinel at HP (3)
ZnFe2O4 HP-Phase
Fe3O4 HP-Phase
(Fei et al. 1999)
Andradite at HP (1)
Andradite at HP (2)
C
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P
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P
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P
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a(Å)
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x,yz(Frac.ordinates)
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P
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G
P
a
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P
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G
P
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3
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Omphacite-P2/n at HP (1)
Omphacite at HP (2)
angle vs. P
Cell edges vs. P
107
10.0 9.0 6.0
9.9
9.8
b
(degree)
Cell Edges (Å)
9.7
9.6
9.5 8.5 5.5
a
9.4
106
9.3
9.2
c
9.1
9.0 8.0 5.0
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P (GPa)
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10
12
14
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2
4
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P (GPa)
8
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12
14
Zeolites at HP