Transcript Title

Intern. Workshop on
HLRW & SF Management:
Storage & Disposal
Stockholm
nov 29 – dec 1, 2011
Walter Blommaert
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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How to get most out of a workshop
1.
7.
8.
This workshop belongs to you and its success rests largely with
you
Enter into the discussion, enthusiastically!
Give freely your experience
Confine your discussion to the problem
Say what you think
Only one person should talk at a time. Avoid private
conversation while someone else is speaking
Be patient with other members
Appreciate others point of view
9.
Switch your mobile to silent mode !
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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9 Golden Rules in Waste Management …
1. Teamwork is essential. It allows you to blame
someone else
2. If you explain something so clearly that no one can
misunderstand, someone will
3. Nothing is ever as simple as it seems
4. It is a fundamental law of nature that nothing ever
quite works out
5. The probability of a given event occurring is
inversely proportional to its desirability
6. Everything always costs more money than you have
and takes longer
7. When you do not know what you are doing, do it
neatly
8. Science is truth, don’t be misled by facts
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Cycle of Radioactive Waste/SF
New fuel elements
HLRW
(vitrified)
Evacuation
Reprocessing/fuel
fabrication
Fuel elements
NPP
Temporary storage
LILW (LL)
Decom./dismantling
Temporary storage
Deep disposal
Temporary storage
Surface/ Near-surf.
disposal
L(I)LW (SL)
Med. Appl./ R&D
Industry
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Agenda Workshop
•
Tuesday, November 29
•
Introduction
•
•


9:30
Opening and Welcoming Addresses
Johan Anderberg, Director Radioactive Materials, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) – 10 Min.
Magnus Vesterlind, Head Waste and Environmental Safety Section, IAEA – 10 Min.
Chairman’s introduction & Administrative arrangements
•
Keynote presentations
•
•
•
•
•
10:00
Hans Riotte, OECD/NEA: International Overview of Storage and Disposal Status – (30’+15’)
10:45 – 11:15 COFFEE BREAK
11:15
Ute Blohm-Hieber, EC DG ENER: The European Directive on the Management of Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste (30’ +15’)
12:00 – 13:30 LUNCH
13:30
Olle Olsson, SKB Sweden: The SKB Spent Fuel Disposal Project – License Application (30’+15’)
•
Working group session
•
•
•
14:15
Introduction of working groups and instructions (15’)
14:30 – 14:45 COFFEE BREAK
14:45 – 17:00: Working Groups
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Agenda Workshop
•
Wednesday, November 30
•
8:30 Jeff Williams, US DOE: Status of US Spent Nuclear Fuel disposition Programme (30’+15’)
•
9:15 Hans Codee, COVRA, The Netherlands: The storage and disposal approach in the
Netherlands (30’+15’)
•
•
10:00 – 10:15 COFFEE BREAK
10:15 Juerg Schneider, NAGRA, Switzerland: The Swiss geological programme and the role of
•
11:00 – 12:00 Working groups
•
•
•
12:00 – 13:30 LUNCH
13:30 Jussi Heinonen, STUK Finland: The Finnish Disposal Programme (30’+15’)
14:15 Geraldine Dandrieux ASN, France & Jean-Michel Hoorelbeke, ANDRA France: The French
•
15:00 – 15:15 COFFEE BREAK
•
15:15 – 17:00: Working groups
storage (30’+15’)
Disposal Programme (30’+15’)
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Agenda Workshop
•
Thursday, December 1
•
•
9:00 Working group debriefings (10’/WG)
•
10:30 – 11:30 Panel discussion (leader/moderator: Johan Anderberg)
•
11:30 – 12:00 Concluding remarks and closure: Chairman, IAEA, SSM
10:00 – 10:30 COFFEE BREAK
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Cycle of Radioactive Waste/SF
New fuel elements
HLRW
(vitrified)
Evacuation
Reprocessing/fuel
fabrication
Fuel elements
NPP
Temporary storage
LILW (LL)
Decom./dismantling
Temporary storage
Deep disposal
Temporary storage
Surface/ Near-surf.
disposal
L(I)LW (SL)
Med. Appl./ R&D
Industry
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Why (prolonged) storage of HLRW and spent
fuel?
• Because wastes are generated at present and hence
have to be put somewhere
• Storage is needed for cooling the waste
• There is no final strategy for LT management
• Awaiting a decision of what to do with the spent fuel
(reprocessing or not; economical value)
• Awaiting new technologies being able of reducing the LT
hazard of the waste (P&T, …)
• Hoping for a regional solution
• Insufficient scientific and technological knowledge
• Unavailability of necessary funds for RD&D and disposal
• No public trust in deep disposal
• …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Why looking for a final (LT) solution?
• Awareness that no burden should be put on future
generations (cradle to grave vision)
• Scientific and technical solutions are available to do so
• Suitable geological formations are available
• Political commitment
• Acceptance by the public
• Funds are available
• …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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To consider
•
•
•
•
Technical and scientific aspects
Financial and economical aspects
Environmental and safety aspects
Societal and ethical aspects
• Political/national strategy
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Pluridisciplinary character
of RWM
Hydro(geo)logy
Seismology
Validation codes
geophysics
phenomenology
Rad. protection
Waste
Management
mechanics
geochemistry
regulations
corrosion
transport
Etc …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Multiple Stakeholders involved
Government
Public/
Local Partnerships
Research institutes
Regulator(s)
Waste
Management
Waste producers
International Agencies
(AIEA, AEN, …)
NWMO
Others …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Round table discussions
Working Groups:
• 5 working groups will be organized with one leader per working group
• The role of the working group leader will be to facilitate and organize
the discussions and to report on the last day, prior to the panel session
• All working groups will address the same topics - 5 topics are planned
• In order to facilitate the discussions within the working groups a series
of statements or questions will be provided for each topic
• Planned leaders for the working groups:
•
•
•
•
•
Bengt Hedberg, SSM Sweden
Kaisa-Lena Hutri, STUK Finland
Christophe Serres, IRSN France
Paul Degnan, IAEA
Glenn Round, OPG Canada
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Guiding points for the discussions
Non-limiting list of themes as guiding points:
•
Establishment and implementation of comprehensive radioactive waste
management strategies
•
The safety implications of longer periods of storage and how long term
storage can be safely envisaged
•
The importance of international cooperation for the storage and disposal
of high level radioactive waste
•
The link between the availability of geological disposal facilities for high
level radioactive waste and period of storage
•
The implications of longer periods of storage on knowledge transfer
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:
Storage & Disposal
Acceptable/
Defendable?
Prolonged
Storage
Geological
Disposal
?
?
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:
Storage & Disposal
Prolonged
Storage
---
Geological
disposal
+++
LT Safety
---
+++
Burdens on future
generations
---
+++
Passivity
---
+++
↓ with time
+++
Final character
Robustness
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:
Storage & Disposal
Prolonged
storage
Geological
disposal
Sensitivity to natural
event
↑ with time
Low after
closure
Sensitivity to human
activities
High for surface
Medium for
geological
Low after
closure
+++
↓ with time
Retrievability
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Prolonged
storage
Geological
disposal
Need reconstruction
after ~X0(0) y
+++
Up to X0(0) y
Up to closure
High
Up to closure
Impact related to
reconditioning
↑ with time
No + impact
Amount of waste
↑ with time
No + waste
Cost (financial)
↑ with time
No + cost
Risk loss of funding
↑ with time
Up to de-licensing
Durability (lifetime) of the
installation / wastes
Periodic safety reviews
Need availability
treatment / transfer
facilities
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:
Storage & Disposal
Prolonged
storage
Geological
disposal
High
Not stringent
after closure
Need for knowledge
transfer
Required
Keeping
memory
Ageing management
Very
important
Up to closure
Need for societal and
political stability
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:
Storage & Disposal
Acceptable/
defendable
Prolonged
Storage
Geological
Disposal
?
?
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Risks
Risks
related to
Internal &
Ageing
external
phenomena
sollicitations
Natural
events
Human
activities
/terrorism
Prolonged Storage
Surface Surface Geological
Water
dry
↑ with time
Disposal
Geological
(after closure)
Safety
guaranteed by
host rock
All natural events
Earthquakes
& flooding
Very low
High
Medium
Very low
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Risks
Risks
related to
Prolonged Storage
Surface Surface Geological
Water
dry
Disposal
Geological
(after closure)
Loss of resource
-funding
-qualified
Socio
workers
economical Loss of security
Loss of
&
oversight
Loss of
political
knowledge,
changes
Loss of
traceability,
Decisions no
more driven by
safety
↑ with time
Low impact
after closure
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Risks
Risks
related to
Prolonged Storage
Surface Surface Geological
Water
dry
Disposal
Geological
(after closure)
↑ with time
NA after
closure
Reconstruction of facilities
Waste reconditioning
Criticality
Specific risks
↑ with time
existing
Water
release
Less probable
Transforming
the storage
facility to a
disposal
 risk closure
not being
conform to
safety
requirements
for disposal
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Very low
Loss of
memory
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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I had a dream that …
• There was an unlimited budget for Waste management
• Operators were perfect and never made mistakes
• Optimisation is the driving force towards safety
• Scientific and technical solutions for disposal are highly mature
• Models perfectly describe what is actually going on
• There was a perfect harmony between regulators and practicians
• I could easily get 100 years old (and still be good looking)
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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When I woke up this morning, I realized
that …
• Money for Waste Management is hard to find
• Even operators make mistakes
• Optimization is not fully understood and applied
coherently as yet
• Disposal facilities in practice are scarce
• Only PLAYBOY models seem to be perfect
• Even in the best marriage something may go wrong
• I will only get 99 years old (although still good looking !)
… I was very disappointed this morning
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Risks
related to
Internal &
external
sollicitations
Surface - Water
Prolonged Storage
Surface - dry
↑ with time
Ageing
management
Natural events
Human activities
/terrorism
Socio
Loss of resource
economical &
-funding
political
-qualified workers
changes
Loss of security
Loss of oversight
Loss of knowledge,
Loss of
traceability,
Decisions no more
driven by safety
Reconstruction of facilities
Waste reconditioning
Criticality
Specific risks
Geological
Disposal
Geological
(after closure)
Safety guaranteed
by host rock
All natural events
Earthquakes &
flooding
Very low
High
Medium
Very low
High
Water release
↑ with time
Inexistent
↑ with time
↑ with time
Inexistent
Inexistent
Very low
Medium
Transforming the
storage facility to a
disposal
 risk that closure
not conform to
safety
requirements for
disposal
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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