Transcript core activities

Athena 2011
Crisis Management International Conference
Thessaloniki 01-04 June 2011
New NATO Strategic Concept and Crisis
Management
Fotini Bellou, Assist. Prof. with the University of Macedonia
The Comprehensive Approach
• Involves the understanding that in postconflict regions OR areas in crisis
providing security for the citizens is not
enough for an effective international peace
operation unless this effort is
compounded with all those civilian
elements that would provide the citizens
of the region sustainable peace
The objective
“When asking what sustains peace, we must move
gradually from immediate alleviation of humanitarian and
security situation to meet the longer term expectations of
development, good governance and economic growth.”
Finnish MFA: Alexander Stubb (May 2010)
We have to admit the indispensability between security and
development
“where possible and when
necessary”
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To prevent crises
To manage crises
Stabilize post-conflict situations and
Support reconstruction
• BEFORE- DURING – AFTER CRISES
C.A. : including counter-insurgency
*The figure is used by the UN Capstone Doctrine
C.A. Requirements
1) the organisational challenges - how to strengthen
coordination and cooperation between various
international organisations and NGOs,
2) the functional challenge - how to make best use of
various efforts by civilian and military crisis
management,development cooperation, humanitarian
aid and political efforts, and
3) the challenge of local ownership - how to build a
better link between international efforts and local actors,
and reinforce the local ownership which is the key to a
successful transition.
Finnish MFA: Alexander Stubb (May 2010)
It involves
Cooperation with national and international
levels in order to:
combine civil and military resources and
coordinate the measures and practices
required for effective results
C.A. History
• In 2006 NATO adopted the political
guidance for C.A.
• In 2008 NATO adopted the C.A. Action
Plan in Bucharest
• In 2009 NATO reaffirmed its commitment
to the Strasbourg-Kehl summit
NATO’S Action Plan
• 1.Revising operational planning and conduct
of operations as to integrate the nonmilitary
expertise (i.e.Senior Civil Emergency Planning
Committee or others) with the military authorities
• 2. using lessons learned and trying to take C.A.
to training, education and exercises. Joint
training fosters mutual understanding, trust and
respect amongst NATO, its partners, and other
international and local actors
NATO’S Action Plan
• 3. enhance cooperation with
international actors (the UN, the EU,
OSCE, NGOs and local authorities)
• 4. Public messaging is considered
crucial, if the C.A. is to be developed.
NATOs commitment to conflict resolution
and sustainable peace through
international cooperation shall be made
visible to the international public
NATO commitment
• Experience in the Balkans and Afghanistan demonstrates that
today's security challenges require a comprehensive approach
by the international community, combining civil and military
measures and coordination.
Its effective implementation requires:
• all international actors to contribute in a concerted effort,
• in a shared sense of openness and determination,
• taking into account their respective strengths and mandates.
• We welcome the significant progress achieved, in line with the
Action Plan agreed at Bucharest, to improve NATO's own
contribution to such a comprehensive approach, including through a
more coherent application of its crisis management instruments and
efforts to associate its military capabilities with civilian means.
•
[Strasbourg/Kehl Summit Declaration Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating
in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Strasbourg/Kehl, 4 April 2009,
NAC Strasbourg/Kehl, 4 April 2009,
• Progress includes NATO's active
promotion of dialogue with relevant
players on operations;
• the development of a database of national
experts in reconstruction and stabilisation
to advise NATO forces;
• and the involvement of selected
international organisations, as appropriate,
in NATO crisis management exercises.
The Afganistan “paradigm”
“As soon as I arrived, General McChrystal took me into his
briefing room in ISAF Headquarters, and put up onto a
big screen a graphic display of all the factors, military
and civilian, we had to take into account if we are to
succeed, and all the interconnections between
them. There were hundreds of lines, going in every
direction. It looked like someone had dumped a huge
pot of cooked spaghetti onto the projector.”
NATO SG. Anders Fogh Rasmussen (10 Apr.2010)
Rasmussen for Afganistan
• “The complexity of that graph was intended to make a
very simple point: everything is connected. In
Afghanistan, there can be no development without
security. But equally, there can be no lasting security
without development”
Comprehensive approach
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• What is needed:
Preoperational planning and coordination
Pre-planned catalogue of capabilities
New doctrines and principles for working and
cooperating with civilians and NGOs
Agreements are essential but are still pending…
More so funding this training as well as the
resources.
Collective knowledge and understanding
It requires
• Member states need to be prepared to plan and
oversee the full spectrum of activities and
resources in a operational environment.
• A standing civilian cadre compounded with
relevant capabilities as to be able to provide a
readily deployable civilian force to undertake
tasks of reconstruction and stabilization.
It requires
• A long-term strategic shift, not merely the
implementation of a new concept
Major Shortcoming of CA
• UN (Global perspective)
• NATO (Military primacy and thus the rest
shall follow)
• EU (civilian and developmental
prerogatives YET difficult in agreeing to
share this)
• NGOs (sceptical about the militarization of
humanitarianism)
Major shortcoming for C.A.
• Who is going to coordinate whom?
• Nobody wants to be coordinated
The Western Balkans
BiH
• EUFOR- Althea- (with NATO assets)
• EUPM (police mission)
• Kosovo
KFOR (NATO military op.)
EULEX (EU rule of law op)
Not easy but feasible cooperation
Yet, the W.B. offer the “luxury” of promoting C.A. in a
permissive environment.
A Paradigm of a comprehensive
cooperative security
• The strong cooperation and coordination in the
fight against Maritime piracy in the Gulf of Eden
involving NATO and:
• major IOs,
• key Great Powers,
• Establishment of new ad hoc structures
• The key issue for this achievement was the
unity of purpose that was immediately built
as soon as a serious common threat arose.
Thank you