Transcript Akvaplan-niva presentation

CONSULTANCY AND RESEARCH IN AQUACULTURE AND THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
A Company in the NIVA-group
Methodology for Environmental
monitoring of aquaculture
Page 1
Environmental monitoring and modelling
What information do we need?
Physical parameters
Chemical parameters
Environmental data
Biological parameters
Detailed survey of production in the area (area of pens
and annual production)
 Historical data
 Collecting new data
Predictive modelling of the areas
Page 2
Survey for mapping the environmental condition
Weather data
wind direction, speed, temperature
Bathymetry of the area
Sea map information
New mapping
Tidal range and current speed,
direction and dispersion
Temperature, turbidity, salinity, oxygen,
chlorophyll profile through the water
column
Water chemistry
Sediment analysis (biological and
chemical)
Page 3
Equipment required
2 Grab – freshwater Ekman grab and modified marine Van Veen
grab
2 Sieve for the sieving the sediment samples
4 standard current meters – current and temp
2 enhanced current meters – current, temp, conductivity, oxygen,
turbidity, depth
CTD probe – conductivity, temperature, depth, chlorophyll, oxygen,
turbidity
2 handheld Garmin GPS
2 handheld echo sounders
Garmin GPS and echo sounder
2 portable computers
Total value of US$ 100,000
Page 4
Bathymetry
• The bathymetry is done by using a Garmin
echo-sounder which contains a GPS and a
chart plotter (GPSmap 178C sounder)
• GPS store the tracks automatically tagged
with the date and time of creation, as well
as water temperature and depth
• It can be set up on a small boat
• It usually takes a full day to complete
depending on the size of the area
surveyed
Page 5
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Bathymetry
Page 7
Bathymetry and sediment type surveys (results)
200 m
Vessel track
Page 8
Bathymetry survey (results)
Page 9
Current meter deployments
These measurements are made to measure the
general hydrodynamic conditions at each site.
The main factors of interest are:
• the distribution of the currents and the extremes
measured at the site
• how current speed and direction are affected by
wind conditions
• the use of these measurements in modelling the
dispersion of wastes from the cages
• Two of the current meters have sensor that are
measuring turbidity, conductivity, depth, oxygen
Page 10
Current meters deployment
Page 11
Current meter deployment
•A typical mooring
•current meters placed at
5m and 10m depths for
areas with 20m deep
•at 3.5 and 7.5m depths
for areas 15m deep
•Set up are often modified
for site specific conditions
•Deployed for 24 hours to
one month
Page 12
Equipment – Current meter
Page 13
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Page 15
Downloading and processing data
Page 16
Direction ° mag
2 3 - Se p
2 4 - Se p
2 5 - Se p
2 6 - Se p
2 7 - Se p
2 8 - Se p
2 9 - Se p
3 0 - Se p
1 - O ct
2 - O ct
3 - O ct
4 - O ct
5 - O ct
6 - O ct
7 - O ct
8 - O ct
9 - O ct
1 0 - O ct
1 1 - O ct
1 2 - O ct
1 3 - O ct
1 4 - O ct
2 3 - Se p
2 4 - Se p
2 5 - Se p
2 6 - Se p
2 7 - Se p
2 8 - Se p
2 9 - Se p
3 0 - Se p
1 - O ct
2 - O ct
3 - O ct
4 - O ct
5 - O ct
6 - O ct
7 - O ct
8 - O ct
9 - O ct
1 0 - O ct
1 1 - O ct
1 2 - O ct
1 3 - O ct
1 4 - O ct
1 6 - O ct
2 2 - Se p
2 2 - Se p
1 6 - O ct
2 1 - Se p
2 1 - Se p
1 5 - O ct
2 0 - Se p
2 0 - Se p
1 5 - O ct
1 9 - Se p
0
1 9 - Se p
90
1 8 - Se p
180
1 8 - Se p
270
1 7 - Se p
360
1 7 - Se p
Speed cm sec
-1
Current meter deployments (results)
The plots show current speed and direction
for a site measured over a one month period
at the surface
40
MHM LAMLASH CURRENT SPEED AND DIRECTION, SURFACE METER, 1345Z 17 SEP 1997 TO 1040Z 15 OCT 1997
30
20
10
0
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Current meter deployments (results)
MHM CAIRID H CURRENT SPEED HISTOGRAM SURFACE METER,
1354Z 16 DEC 1998 TO 1204Z 4 JAN 1999
900
800
FR EQUEN CY
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
[0,3)
[3,6)
[6,9)
[9,12)
[12,15)
[15,18)
[18,21)
[21,24)
CURRENT SPEED (cm s
-1
[24,27)
[27,30)
[30,33)
[33,36)
)
MHM CAIRI DH CURRENT DIRECTI O N HI STOG RAM,
SURFACE METER,1354Z 16 DEC 1998 TO 1204Z 4 JAN 1999
450
400
300
250
200
150
100
50
[345 ,3 60)
[330 ,3 45)
[315 ,3 30)
[300 ,3 15)
[285 ,3 00)
[270 ,2 85)
[255 ,2 70)
[240 ,2 55)
[225 ,2 40)
[210 ,2 25)
[195 ,2 10)
[180 ,1 95)
[165 ,1 80)
[150 ,1 65)
[135 ,1 50)
[120 ,1 35)
[90,10 5)
[105 ,1 20)
[75,90 )
[60,75 )
[45,60 )
[30,45 )
[15,30 )
0
[0,15)
FREQUENCY
350
36
•
Plots from
the current
meters at
different
depths.
Analysis will
also give the
current
speed and
direction
distribution
CURRENT DIRECT (° mag)
Page 18
Current measurements in Bolinao
Page 19
Current measurements in Lake Taal – at 10 meters
360
14
315
12
270
225
8
180
6
Direction
Current speed (cm/s)
10
135
4
90
2
45
0
0
3/30/06 9:36
3/30/06 19:12
3/31/06 4:48
3/31/06 14:24
Date Time
4/1/06 0:00
4/1/06 9:36
Page 20
320
25.2
280
24.8
240
24.4
200
24
160
23.6
120
23.2
3/30/06 9:36
3/30/06 19:12
3/31/06 4:48
3/31/06 14:24
Date Time
4/1/06 0:00
Temperature °C
Oxygen 
Oxygen and temperature in Lake Taal – at 10 meters
4/1/06 9:36
Page 21
Drifting buoy surveys (objectives)
The level of water dispersion near a fish farm is an
important factor as it determines how well wastes
are dispersed and water bodies are reoxygenated.
The main factors of interest are:
• how quickly released drifters spread out
relative to one another
• How far apart the drifters have spread
out at the end of the release period
• the measurement of unusual
hydrodynamic conditions in the
surrounding area
Page 22
Drifting buoy surveys (drogues)
The drifting buoys are buoys marked with
flags that are pulled along by subsurface
water currents by sails. They are released in
a group and their movement monitored
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Drifting buoy surveys (results)
An example of a release made from a cage group. The
drifters show a clockwise circulation which would be difficult
to measure with a single current meter mooring
1
2
3
4
5
6
Cage group
N
Release start: 11:56
Release end: 15:13
100 m
Page 27
Turbidity and measurements
Water depth is recorded when
secci disc can no longer been
seen
Page 28
Conductivity, Temperature and Dissolved oxygen
(CTDO)
The CTDO measures, calculates and records:
•Water salinity (conductivity)
•Temperature
•Oxygen level
•Turbidity
•Possibilities to make isoplets and profiles for
the different parameters
Also can add
•Chlorophyll
Page 29
Water column sampling by CTD
Page 30
Water column measurements
CTD is dropped to the bottom (seabed) and retrieved
slowly to the surface (records data every 5th second)
Page 31
Water column sampling
Water column is sampled for dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature
Page 32
CTD transect
Page 33
CTD transect
CTD transect
Page 34
Horizontal plot of oxygen in Lake Taal at 1 meter
Page 35
Horizontal plot of oxygen in Lake Taal at 2 meter
Page 36
Horizontal plot of oxygen in Lake Taal at 7 meter
Page 37
Horizontal plot of oxygen in Lake Taal at 20 meter
Page 38
CTD-profile in Lake Taal - April 2006
0
Turbidity FTU
2
3
1
0
Chlorophyll (µg/l)
4
2
0
40
26
27
Oxygen %
80
Temperature °C
28
4
5
6
8
120
160
29
30
0
20
Depth
40
60
80
100
Page 39
Transects – vertical profiles in Bolinao
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
35.80
35.78
35.68
35.58
35.48
35.38
Salinity, transect 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
31.1
31.0
30.8
30.6
30.4
30.2
30.0
Temperature, transect 1
Page 40
Water quality
Water samples are taken and
analyzed for parameters that
relevant for measuring the
environmental conditions
•chlorophyll-a
•ammonia
•nitrate
•nitrite
•phosphate
Page 41
Chlorophyll
Page 42
Sediment studies - sampling
Samples or taken by grab
Page 43
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Sediments
Larger particles are
collected, preserved and
stained
Page 48
High organic content
- close to a fish cage
Low organic content
- far away from a fish cage
Page 49
Bolinao – station with bad conditions
Page 50
Bolinao – marine station with good conditions
Page 51
Grab movie
Page 52
Sediment sample analysis - taxonomy
Samples are analysed for
benthic diversity
Station 1:
Taxon
1. Cirratulus sp. (polychaeta)
2. Dorvillea sp. (polychaeta)
3. Nereis sp. (polychaeta)
4. Cirratulidae indet (polychaeta)
5. Loripes lucinalis (mollusca)
6. Paguridae indet (crustacea)
7. Lumbrineris sp. (polychaeta)
8. Paraonis sp. (polychaeta)
9. Typosyllis sp. (polychaeta)
10. Tellina donacina (mollusca)
Number
338
176
123
36
14
8
8
8
8
7
Reference station:
Taxon
Number
1. Tellina donacina (mollusca)
39
2. Lucinella divaricata (mollusca)
23
3. Gouldia minima (mollusca)
21
4. Owenia fusiformis (polychaeta)
20
5. Aspidosiphon mulleri (polychaeta)
19
6. Ascidiacea indet (tunicata)
17
7. Nuculana pella (mollusca)
15
8. Gonilia calliglypta (mollusca)
15
9. Tanaidacea indet (crustacea)
13
10. Lumbrineris sp. (polychaeta)
13
Page 53
Sediments – chemical samples
Samples are taken of the surface layer for
chemical analysis (TOC, grain size, ++)
Page 54
Fish Farm registration
The coordinates of every fish farm are recorded and note
taken if operational
Page 55