Transcript Slide 1

The European Union
Trade Policy 2014
European Commission
Trade
Content
1. Today’s Context
2. The EU in World Trade
3. EU Trade and Investment Policy
4. Multilateral Dimension
5. Bilateral Agreements
6. Unilateral Dimension
7. Enforcement
2
1. Today’s Context
3
• Globalisation
- Including fragmentation of value chains
• Emergence of new economic powerhouses
- China, India, Brazil
• Economic downturn
- Trade is part of the solution
4
2. The EU in World Trade
5
EU 28 remains a trading power…
15 % of world trade (in goods) in 2013
Second-largest
importer
First
exporter
(after the US)
€1,738 bn (2013)
€ 1,629 bn (2013)
EU-28 received €327 bn in FDI 2013
(ranking 1st before US €141 bn)
Sources: Eurostat, UNCTAD
6
The EU28 in world trade
10 major EU28 export partners (2013, source: Comext regime 4)
Rank.
EU Exports to
Extra EU-28
M euro
% world
1,733,961
1
USA
288.263
16.6
2
Switzerland
169.566
9.8
3
China
148.297
8.5
4
Russia
119.780
6.9
5
Turkey
77.755
4,5
6
Japan
54.076
3,1
7
Norway
50.225
2.9
8
United Arab Emirates
44.652
2.6
9
Brazil
40.043
2,3
10
South Korea
39.968
2,3
7
The EU28 in world trade
10 major EU28 import partners (2013, sources: Comext regime 4)
Rank.
EU Imports from
Extra EU-28
M euro
% world
1.682.592
1
China
280.095
16,6
2
Russia
206.146
12,3
3
USA
196.098
11,7
4
Switzerland
94.305
5,6
5
Norway
90.064
5,4
6
Japan
56.565
3,4
7
Turkey
50.401
3.0
8
India
36.809
2,2
9
South Korea
35.840
2,1
10
Brazil
33.096
2,0
8
The EU in world trade
Share of EU28*, USA, Japan and China in World Trade in Goods (%)
25%
EU-28
China
20%
United States
Japan
15%
10%
5%
0%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Coverage: shares in world trade excluding intra-EU trade.
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), WTO
* Excluding intra EU Trade
9
Investment going into and from the EU
2013 World investment
into EU € 327bn (33,7 %)
2013 EU investment into
world € 341bn (37,7 %)
Total World investment
into EU € 3.947bn (34.2%)
Total EU investment into
world € 5.207bn (45.5%)
Sources: Eurostat, UNCTAD 2012 and 2013
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EU's investments in the world, 2013
Rank
Country
M euro
1
USA
159.271
2
Offshore financial centres
39.929
3
Brazil
35.621
4
Switzerland
24.435
5
Hong Kong
10.358
6
China (except Hong Kong)
8.161
Sources: Eurostat, provisional data
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3. EU Trade and Investment
Policy
12
EU Trade and Investment Policy
Basic features
Being the leading trade region
Strong interest in:
Responsibility towards:
 Open markets
 EU citizens
 Clear regulatory
frameworks
 Rest of the World
Need to reinforce EU
competitiveness on world
markets
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Reaching beyond the borders…
• Trade is no longer just about tariffs…
-
Standards
Licensing practices
Domestic taxes
Investment
• Trade is not just about trade…
- Environment
- Human Rights
- Labour Rights
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Trade Policy Agenda
Trade, Growth and World Affairs
• Pursue active negotiating agenda
- Multilateral Trade Agreements
- Bilateral Trade Agreements
• Deepen relations with strategic partners
- China, Russia, Brazil
• Enforce EU rights, tackling trade barriers
15
Investment policy
• EU exclusive competence (Lisbon Treaty)
• Communication "Towards a comprehensive
European investment policy" (2010)
- Investment protection within negotiations:
. On-going: Canada, India, Japan, Morocco, Singapore, USA
. Possible: Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan
- Standalone investment agreement with China
- Legal certainty and transparency
16
EU Trade and Investment Policy
Three strands
Dimensions of trade and Investment policy
- Multilateral
- Bilateral
- Unilateral
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EU Trade and Investment Policy
How we negotiate
Civil Society and Public Consultations
The Commission negotiates
• On behalf of the 28 Member States
• Regular reporting to the Council and the European Parliament
The Council co-decides
• Directives for negotiations
• Follows the negotiation process
• Council approve the results of the
negotiation (generally by qualified
majority)
The Parliament co-decides
• EP co-decides with the
Council on trade legislations
(except negotiating directives)
• EP gives consent on
agreements
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4. Multilateral Dimension
19
The Doha Development Round
• Context
- Launched in 2001
- Broad coverage
- 2013 window of opportunity (Bali, trade facilitation)?
• Big questions
- Where are we today?
- Will this make a difference for development?
- Will this be a good deal?
- Will we get there in the end?
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5. Bilateral Agreements
21
Bilateral relations (FTAs)
Context
• Globally more than 200 FTAs
• Covering more than 35% of global trade
• FTAs top up what can be done in WTO
• ‘Extended’ regionalism
22
Bilateral agreements – State of play
23
FTA partners and trade in goods
Country / Region
USA
China
EFTA
Russia
MEDA (excl EU and Turkey)
ASEAN
GCC
ACP (excl South Africa)
Turkey
Japan
MERCOSUR (5)
South Korea
India
Canada
Hong Kong
Mexico
Australia
South Africa
Taiwan
Ukraine
Andean Community (4)
Central America (6)
Other Countries
Extra EU28
% EU28
Exports
Trade
Trade
196.1
288.3
484.4
14.2
280.1
148.3
428.4
12.5
188.0
222.9
410.9
12.0
206.1
119.8
325.9
9.5
77.7
103.4
181.1
5.3
96.8
81.8
178.6
5.2
56.9
95.1
152.0
4.4
76.5
62.2
138.6
4.1
50.4
77.8
128.2
3.7
56.6
54.1
110.6
3.2
47.1
57.0
104.1
3.0
35.8
40.0
75.8
2.2
36.8
35.9
72.7
2.1
27.3
31.6
58.9
1.7
10.2
35.7
46.0
1.3
17.5
27.4
45.0
1.3
10.2
32.1
42.3
1.2
15.5
24.5
40.0
1.2
22.1
16.5
38.6
1.1
13.8
23.9
37.8
1.1
16.0
12.4
28.4
0.8
6.5
5.5
12.1
0.4
138.3
141.9
280.2
8.2
1,682.6
1,738.0
3420.6
100.0
Imports
In Bn € / 2013. Sources: Comext, regime 4
Grey
White
Concluded or under
negotiations
No preferential trade
agreement
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Example: EU-South Korea Free Trade
agreement
 €1.6bn in customs duties saved per year
 Creates new trade opportunities
(between €30bn and €50bn, up 80%)






Access for service suppliers
Tackling non-tariff barriers
Better access to government procurement
Protection of intellectual property
Strong competition rules
Commitment to sustainable development
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6. Unilateral Dimension
26
Unilateral dimension
• Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP)
- Standard GSP
- Everything But Arms (EBA)
- GSP+
• Trade Defence Instruments
- Anti-dumping
- Anti-subsidy
- Safeguard measures
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7. Enforcement
28
Removing trade barriers for EU
exporters
Market Access Strategy
• New opportunities for EU exporters
• Market Access Partnership:
- cooperation: Commission - Member States - businesses
- local expertise make trade barriers easier to identify/address
29
Removing trade barriers for EU
exporters
Market Access Strategy
• Market Access Partnership (Commission-Member States-Businesses)
• Market Access teams created
• Market Access Database (MADB) to record barriers
under examination in EU trading partners
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How to export from the EU
Market Access Database
•
•
•
•
•
•
Applied Tariffs
Statistical Database
Non-tariff barriers
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Database
Exporters' Guide to Import Formalities
Studies
31
How to export into the EU
Export Helpdesk
•
•
•
•
Public and free
Database on trade in goods
Tariffs, trade agreements, statistics
In English, French, Spanish, Portuguese
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More
• EU Trade website:
• Twitter EU Trade:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/
https://twitter.com/Trade_EU
• EU Trade Commissioner:
http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/degucht/
• Twitter EU Trade Spokesperson:
• EU Trade Newsletters:
http://twitter.com/EUJohnClancy
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/eutn/register.htm
• How to export from the EU:
• How to export into the EU:
http://madb.europa.eu/madb/indexPubli.htm
www.exporthelp.europa.eu
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