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Myers Briggs
Myers Briggs Type Indicator…An Overview
What's all this about?
What's all this about?
Personality typing is a tool with many uses. It is
especially notable for its helpfulness in the
areas of growth and self-development. Learning
and applying the theories of personality type
can be a powerful and rewarding experience, if
it is used as a tool for discovery, rather than as
a method for putting people into boxes, or as
an excuse for behaviour.
Primary mode of operation
• Carl Jung, Katherine Briggs, Isabel Briggs Myers
• Primary mode of operation within 4 categories
– our flow of energy
– how we take in information
– how we prefer to make decisions
– the basic day-to-day lifestyle that we prefer
• Within each category, we "prefer" to be
– Extraverted or Introverted
– Sensing or iNtuitive
– Thinking or Feeling
– Judging or Perceiving
• So we can define a person in terms of, e.g., ENFJ
History
• Developed by Carl Jung & Sigmund Freud.
• Personality type theory dates back to Hippocrates who
defined the 4 humours theory:
–
–
–
–
Apathetic or Phlegm (Winter) = Sluggish & Withdrawn
Sanguine or Blood(Spring) = Optimistic & Unpredictable
Choleric or Yellow Bile(Summer) = Manic Depression
Melancholic or Black Bile (Autumn) = Depressive Tendancy
• Jung taught that every personality fits somewhere
within pairs of extremes or dichotomies:
– Introvert & Extrovert
– Thinking & Feeling
– Sensation & Intuition
History
• The MBTI was first developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and her
mother, Katharine Briggs.
• Neither Katharine nor Isabel was trained in psychology.
• It was apparently because Clarence, Isabel’s husband, a lawyer,
was so different from the Briggs' family that Katherine became
interested in type theory and read Jung's book "Psychological
Types".
• Katherine introduced Isabel to Jung's book, and mother and
daughter both became keen students of personality typing.
• They came to see type identification as a means to help people
understand themselves and each other so that they might work in
jobs or vocations that matched their personality types.
Basis of Preference Analysis
Primary mode of operation within 4 categories
– our flow of energy
– how we take in information
– how we prefer to make decisions
– the basic day-to-day lifestyle that we prefer
• Within each category, we "prefer" to be
– E/I Extraverted or Introverted
– S/N Sensing or iNtuitive
– T/F Thinking or Feeling
– J/P Judging or Perceiving
Flow of Energy
• Defines how we receive the essential
part of our stimulation.
– Do we receive it from within
ourselves (Introverted) or from
external sources (Extraverted)?
– Is our dominant function focused
externally or internally?
Extraversion and Introversion
• Dealing with the world outside of ourselves;"extraverting", compared
to ‘inside’ our own minds= "introverting".
• We are extraverting when we:
– Talk to other people
– Listen to what someone is saying
– Cook dinner, or make a cup of coffee
– Work on a car
• We are introverting when we:
– Read a book
– Think about what we want to say or do
– Are aware of how we feel
– Think through a problem so that we understand it
Taking in Information
• Our preferred method of taking in and
absorbing information.
– Do we trust our five senses (Sensing)
to take in information, or do we rely
on our instincts (iNtuitive)?
Sensing and Intuition
• "Sensing" preference absorbs data in a literal, concrete fashion.
The "Intuitive" preference generates abstract possibilities from
information that is gathered
• We are Sensing when we:
– Taste food
– Notice a Traffic light has changed
– Memorise a speech
– Follow the steps in a plan
• We are Intuitive when we:
– Come up with a new way of doing things
– Think about future implications for a current action
– Perceive underlying meaning in what people say or do
– See the ‘big’ picture
Making Decisions
Refers to whether we are prone to
decide things based on logic and
objective consideration (Thinking), or
based on our personal, subjective value
systems (Feeling).
Thinking and Feeling
• A "Thinker" makes decisions in a rational, logical, impartial
manner, based on what they believe to be fair and correct by
pre-defined rules of behaviour. A "Feeler" makes decisions on
the individual case, in a subjective manner based on what they
believe to be right within their own value systems.
• We are making decisions in the Thinking mode when we:
– Research a product via consumer reports, and buy the best
one to meet our needs
– Do "The Right Thing", whether or not we like it
– Choose not to buy clothes which we like, because we have
two blue blouses or shirts
– Establish guidelines to follow for performing tasks
Thinking and Feeling (cont)
• We are making decisions in the “Feeling” mode when we:
– Decide to buy something because we like it
– Refrain from telling someone something which we feel may upset them
– Decide not to take a job because we don't like the work environment
– Decide to move somewhere to be close to someone we care about
• Decisions that we find most difficult are those in which we have conflicts
between our Thinking and Feeling sides. In these situations, our dominant
preference will take over. Decisions which we find easy to make and feel
good about are usually a result of there being a harmony between both our
Feeling and Thinking sides.
Judging and Perceiving
• The differences between Judging and
Perceiving are probably the most marked
differences of all the four preferences.
• People with strong Judging preferences
might have a hard time accepting people
with strong Perceiving preferences, and
vice-versa.
Deal with the external world on a
day-to-day basis
• Are we organised and purposeful, and
more comfortable with scheduled,
structured environments (Judging), or
are we flexible and diverse, and more
comfortable with open, casual
environments (Perceiving)?
Judging and Perceiving
• People with the Judging preference want things to be neat, orderly and
established. The Perceiving preference wants things to be flexible and
spontaneous. Judgers want things settled, Perceivers want thing openended.
• We are using Judging when we:
– Make a list of things to do
– Schedule things in advance
– Form and express judgements
– Bring closure to an issue so that we can move on
• We are using Perceiving when we:
– Postpone decisions to see what other options are available
– Act spontaneously
– Decide what to do as we do it, rather than forming a plan ahead of
time
– Do things at the last minute
A Cursory definition of 16 types
Preference for one type in each category results in 16 combinations
– The Duty Fulfiller
ISTJ
– The Mechanic
ISTP
– The Nurturer
ISFJ
– The Artist
ISFP
– The Protector
INFJ
– The Idealist
INFP
– The Scientist
INTJ
– The Thinker
INTP
– The Doer
ESTP
– The Guardian
ESTJ
– The Performer
ESFP
– The Caregiver
ESFJ
– The Inspirer
ENFP
– The Giver
ENFJ
– The Visionary
ENTP
– The Executive
ENTJ
Matching the primary themes …
• Our flow of energy
– Extraverted or Introverted
• How we take in information
– Sensing or iNtuitive
• How we prefer to make decisions
– Thinking or Feeling
• The basic day-to-day lifestyle that we prefer
– Judging or Perceiving
Overall profiles
What is your type?
What is your type?
• Everyone's personality reflects all aspects of the Myers Briggs model.
You use Extroversion as well as Introversion, Sensing as well as
iNtuition, Thinking as well as Feeling, and Judgement as well as
Perception.
• Your type is a permanent influence in your personality, that influences
your choice, where the opportunity allows, of which preference or
team role to perform. The letters that represent your preferences are
combined to produced your Myers Briggs Type, such as ENTJ. An ENTJ
prefers Extroversion, iNtuition, Thinking and Judgement. The ENTJ is
likely to feel energised by having lots of things going on (E). They will
tend to interpret events by seeing patterns or overviews (N). They will
tend to make decisions on the basis of logic (T). And they organise life
on a logical basis (J).
What is your type?
• Look at the lists of words for each preference which follows and think
about your preference (not just the way you behave in, say, your work
or social roles). List the letters in the four letter form outlined above if you are unclear about any of them, simply insert a question mark.
E.g.: IS?P
• If you have included two question marks in your own type, that's OK.
In some instances, you may find the following list helpful, as it
suggests a likely answer to one of those question marks. These are
only suggestions - it is important that you come to a conclusion
yourself, with which you feel comfortable.
What is your type?
Extroversion
Introversion
Social
Expressive
Many
Broad
Interaction
Outward
Action before thought
Private
Quiet
Few
Deep
Concentration
Inward
Thought before action
What is your type?
Sensing
iNtuition
Facts
Experience
Present
Practicality
Enjoyment
Realism
Using
Possibilities
Novelty
Future
Aspiration
Development
Idealism
Changing
What is your type?
Thinking
Feeling
Analysing
Objective
Logical
Criticism
Onlooker
Decides on principle
Long term view
Sympathising
Subjective
Personal
Appreciation
Participant
Decides using values
Immediate view
What is your type?
Judgement
Perception
Close
Decide
Structure
Organise
Firmness
Control
Open
Explore
Meander
Enquire
Flexibility
Spontaneity
What is your type?
•
If your guess is:
then consider:
If your guess is:
then consider:
ES?? or EN??
ES?P or EN?P
IS?? or IN??
IS?J or IN?J
?S?P or ?N?P
ES?P or EN?P
?S?J or ?N?J
IS?J or IN?J
E?T? or E?F?
E?TJ or E?FJ
I?T? or I?F?
I?TP or I?FP
??TP or ??FP
I?TP or I?FP
??TJ or ??FJ
E?TJ or E?FJ
ISTJ
– Serious and quiet, interested in security and
peaceful living. Extremely thorough, responsible,
and dependable. Well-developed powers of
concentration. Usually interested in supporting
and promoting traditions and establishments.
Well-organised and hard working, they work
steadily towards identified goals. They can usually
accomplish any task once they have set their
mind to it.
ISTP
– Quiet and reserved, interested in how and why
things work. Excellent skills with mechanical things.
Risk-takers who they live for the moment. Usually
interested in and talented at extreme sports.
Uncomplicated in their desires. Loyal to their peers
and to their internal value systems, but not overly
concerned with respecting laws and rules if they
get in the way of getting something done.
Detached and analytical, they excel at finding
solutions to practical problems.
ISFJ
– Quiet, kind, and conscientious. Can be depended on
to follow through. Usually puts the needs of others
above their own needs. Stable and practical, they
value security and traditions. Well-developed sense
of space and function. Rich inner world of
observations about people. Extremely perceptive of
other's feelings. Interested in serving others.
ISFP
– Quiet, serious, sensitive and kind. Do not like
conflict, and not likely to do things which may
generate conflict. Loyal and faithful. Extremely
well-developed senses, and aesthetic appreciation
for beauty. Not interested in leading or controlling
others. Flexible and open-minded. Likely to be
original and creative. Enjoy the present moment.
INFP
– Quiet, reflective, and idealistic. Interested in serving
humanity. Well developed value system, which they
strive to live in accordance with. Extremely loyal.
Adaptable and laid-back unless a strongly-held value
is threatened. Usually talented writers. Mentally
quick, and able to see possibilities. Interested in
understanding and helping people.
INTJ
– Independent, original, analytical, and determined.
Have an exceptional ability to turn theories into
solid plans of action. Highly value knowledge,
competence, and structure. Driven to derive
meaning from their visions. Long-range thinkers.
Have very high standards for their performance,
and the performance of others. Natural leaders,
but will follow if they trust existing leaders.
INTP
– Logical, original, creative thinkers. Can become
very excited about theories and ideas.
Exceptionally capable and driven to turn theories
into clear understandings. Highly value knowledge,
competence and logic. Quiet and reserved, hard to
get to know well. Individualistic, having no interest
in leading or following others.
INFJ
Quietly forceful, original, and sensitive. Tend to
stick to things until they are done. Extremely
intuitive about people, and concerned for their
feelings. Well-developed value systems which they
strictly adhere to. Well-respected for their
perseverance in doing the right thing. Likely to be
individualistic, rather than leading or following.
ESTJ
– Practical, traditional, and organised. Likely to be
athletic. Not interested in theory or abstraction
unless they see the practical application. Have
clear visions of the way things should be. Loyal
and hard-working. Like to be in charge.
Exceptionally capable in organising and running
activities. "Good citizens" who value security and
peaceful living.
ESFP
– People-oriented and fun-loving, they make things
more fun for others by their enjoyment. Living for
the moment, they love new experiences. They
dislike theory and impersonal analysis. Interested
in serving others. Likely to be the centre of
attention in social situations. Well-developed
common sense and practical ability.
ESFJ
– Warm-hearted, popular, and conscientious. Tend to
put the needs of others over their own needs. Feel
a strong sense of responsibility and duty. Value
traditions and security. Interested in serving others.
Need positive reinforcement to feel good about
themselves. Well-developed sense of space and
function.
ESTP
– Friendly, adaptable, action-oriented. "Doers" who
are focused on immediate results. Living in the
here-and-now, Risk-takers who live fast-paced
lifestyles. Impatient with long explanations.
Extremely loyal to their peers, but not usually
respectful of laws and rules if they get in the way
of getting things done. Great people skills.
ENFP
– Enthusiastic, idealistic, and creative. Able to do
almost anything which interests them. Great
people skills. Need to live life in accordance with
their inner values. Excited by new ideas, but bored
with details. Open-minded and flexible, with a
broad range of interests and abilities.
ENFJ
– Popular and sensitive, with outstanding people
skills. Externally focused, with real concern for how
others think and feel. Usually dislike being alone.
They see everything from the human angle, and
dislike impersonal analysis. Very effective at
managing people issues, and leading group
discussions. Interested in serving others, and
probably place the needs of others over their own
needs.
ENTP
– Creative, resourceful, and intellectually quick. Good
at a broad range of things. Enjoy debating issues,
and may be into "one-upmanship". They get very
excited about new ideas and projects, but may
neglect the more routine aspects of life. Generally
outspoken and assertive. They enjoy people and
are stimulating company. Excellent ability to
understand concepts and apply logic to find
solutions.
ENTJ
– Assertive and outspoken - they are driven to lead.
Excellent ability to understand difficult
organisational problems and create solid solutions.
Intelligent and well-informed, they usually excel at
public speaking. They value knowledge and
competence, and usually have little patience with
inefficiency or disorganisation.
A brief comment on Personality Type and relationships
•
•
Opposites Attract
– In many instances we seem to naturally be drawn towards individuals
who have strengths which we are ‘missing’
– Our natural attraction to our opposites is a subconscious way of forcing
us to deal with the weaker aspects of our own nature
– Socially-when it comes to work colleagues, or friends, we are not
especially interested in dealing with people who are very ‘unlike’
ourselves. We are most comfortable with those who have similar
interests and perspectives, and we do not show a lot of motivation or
patience for dealing with our opposites in these situations.
Communication and Typology
– Here Sensing/Intuitive preferences seem most important
LIKE types communicate best here: S and S ; N and N
This above all else: to thine own self
be true; and it must follow, as night
the day, thou canst not then be false
to any man.
Polonius
Hamlet
Act I, Scene III