Transcript Click to edit the title text - Welcome to the National

Technical Search
Technical Search SEEBA
www.thw.de
28.02.2012
Introduction
Bertram Bähr
-1977 THW
(Expert Advisor)
-1986 Urban Search and Rescue Team
(Management, LO, Chief of Search and
-
IT-Expert
www.thw.de
Rescue)
Contents
- 5 Stages of Rescue
- Principles of Technical Search
- Search Equipment
- Acustic Device
- Visual Device
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Position Technical Search USAR-Team (Medium)
Teamleader (TL)
Chief of Staff (CoS)
Chief of Operations (CoO)
STAFF
Logistics
Medical
LO / Pers.
Log. Officer
Senior Medical
SSO / Hazmat
Paramedic
Admin Pers.
Camp Manager
Medical
SSO / Hazmat
Paramedic
Information
Log Technician
SL Search
SL Rescue
SL Rescue
Admin Info.
Log Technician
Search Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
LO / Operations
Log Technician
Search Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Dog Handler
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Dog Handler
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Dog Handler
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Chief Search and Rescue
Maintenance
Media
ICT
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Five Stages of Rescue
Stage one
Reconnaissance and survey
Gathering Information. Remove all surface casualties as quickly and safely as
possible
Stage two
Primary surface search and rescue
Prioritise the rescue sites, based on the inital search results
Stage three
Exploration of Voids and Spaces
all voids and non-accesable spaces idendified in the previous stages must be
search and explored for live victims
Stage four
Access by Selected Debris Removal
enter and work in confined spaces
Stage five
Terminate by General Debris Removal
General debris remove is usually conducted after all known victims have been
removed
Search Technics
- Physical Search
- Technical Search
- Canine Search
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Physical Search Methods
 Line and Hail

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
The searcher form a line approimately 2,5 meters
The search leader will usually be in the center of the line
The search leader calls for silence (one long blast)
The search leader then calls, „Search and Rescue. Can anybody hear me“
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Physical Search Methods
• Hailing and Hearing
• How to proceed:
– To disperse the group around the damage side
– shout: „Search and rescue, can anybody hear me“
– Wait and hear for answer
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Physical searching
Hailing and Hearing
„Search and Rescue, can anybody hear me“
– Is there no answer, try to call
„Search and Rescue, answer with knocking“
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Acustical Search Methods
• The main tool for the location of a victim is an acoustic device
that is able to detect acustic noises
• The output of the system is either sound or an optical display
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Spürgerät ZEB/HG - 6U
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Tiefpaß
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Pegelanzeige
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LF
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Ein
Löschen
Aus
Signalgeber
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Kopfhörer
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Wahlschalter
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Verstärkung
Acustical Search Methods
• The location of the victims is always close to the loudest
feedback at one of the several sensors.
Anzeige
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Klopfgeräusche der
verschütteten Person
Spürgerät ZEB/HG - 6U
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100
120
26
75
32
60
100
14
Hochpaß
25
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Ein
2,6K
20
50
2,6K
Tiefpaß
Aus
Filter
0
4
Pegelanzeige
5
6
LF
3
MS
2
1
Ein
Löschen
Aus
Signalgeber
(Drücken)
Kopfhörer
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1-6
Wahlschalter
3 4
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Ein
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Aus
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Verstärkung
Akustisches
Ortungsgerät
Acustic analysis
• Sound propagation
– Air (e.g. Shouting)
– e.g. sediment load (concrete)
• Acustical survey
– via Microphone – airborne sound
– via Geophone – impact sond
– Transformation into electrical signals and amplification
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Acustical Search Methods
• Analysis
– Acoustic - headphone
– Optical - display
REQUIREMENT
The victim must be able to attract attention to oneself
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Acustical Search Methods
•
-
Approach
Disperse the geophones on the debris
BE QUITE!
Try to get in contact / get a feedback/ a reaction of/ with
thevictim (e.g. knock on the concrete)
Permanet control of the headphones – all together
Afterwords, checking every single geophone
Maybe, if ist necessary, relocate the system to monitor a
different part of the debris
If the situation and the acoustical feedback is vague, repeat
the tech search by using the low frequency sensor
If possible, try to get in contact via microphone
ALWAYS
Give a feedback of the results (positive or negativ) to your
command
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Acustical Search Methods
• Direct search via microphone
-
Figure out a good possibility to place the microphone (e.g.
big void, etc.)
Try to get in contact
Try to ask victim regarding other victims, position, etc.
Diameter of the microphone: 32mm
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Display the sensors
a. circular
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Display the sensors
b. semi circle
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Display the sensors
c. crosswise
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Display the sensors
d. parallel
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General Area Marking
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General Area Marking
 Adress or physical location
 Mapping coordinates or GPS
 Landmark or code name, (e.g. Sugar factory building)
Time (local time orUTC + x Hours)
 Name, Function, Team
Structure identification
exterior identification
 Street Adress Side shall be defined as 1
 Other sides of the structure shall be assigned numerically in a clockwise manner from 1
Structure idendification
interior identification
 Multi-storey structures must have each floor clearly identified
 The grade floor would be designed the Ground Floor, 1. OG = Floor 1 usw.
 First floor below grade level would be Basement
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Cordon Markings
Cordon markings are used to identify operational work zones as well as hazardous areas in order to restrict access and
warn of danger
operational working zone
hazard zone
Structural Marking
inside the box:
 Go = Go if deemed safe to enter
 noGo = No Go if it is deemed unsafe to enter
 Team Idendification
 Date and time of start
 Date and time of finish
Outside the box:
Hazard Information (top)
 Missing persons (bottom)
 Live victim rescued (left)
 Dead victim extricated (right)
Additinional Information:
 Completed work, circle around
 Confirmed no victims, horizontal line
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Signals
1.
Effective emergency signalling is essential for safe operation at a disaster side.
2.
All USAR team member should be briefed regarding emergency signals.
3.
Emergency signals should be universal for all USAR Teams
4.
Signal must be clear and concise
5.
Team memebers are required to immediately to all emergency signals.
6.
Air horns or other appropriate hailing devices should be used to sound the appropriate signals as
follows:
Evacuate =
3 short signals, 1 second each – repeatedly until side is cleared
Cease Operation Quiet =
1 long signal, 3 seconds long
Resume Operations =
1 long signal + 1 short signal