Transcript Document

Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
Model Driven Development
上海交通大学软件工程中心
波音747
超过6百万个零件，仅机尾就有上百
个零件
能承载上百个旅客
能不停地飞行上千公里
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
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波音747
 当波音在60年代开始生产747的时候，
一共画了75，000张工程图
为什么？
因为他们正在生产一个极其复杂的系统，
而且不能出哪怕是一点点的差错
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
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软件开发也同样复杂
人与系统的交
互
系统安全
交易，存储
模型
可靠性，
可扩展性
子系统，模
块，分布式
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
成千上万行程序
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什么是模型
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
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什么是模型驱动开发？
Model-driven Development (MDD) is a challenging
approach to software engineering that is expected to
change the way systems are developed. It postulates
the model as the main artifact being developed rather
than the code.
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模型驱动开发
A strategic initiative to automate the integration, generation,
modernization, visualization, and reuse of software artifacts
 Unify business
and software teams
with model-driven
business integration
Modeling
Web Requirements
and Application Data
Business
Processes
Software
Construction
 Improve productivity by
providing a choice of
modeling paradigms
 Make reuse practical
with asset-based
development
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
Management
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Deployment
模型驱动开发成熟度方阵
Smaller Semantic Gap
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
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Level 0: Manual
package com.megabank.loan;
import javax.ejb.EntityBean;
public abstract class LoanBean implements EntityBean {
private javax.ejb.EntityContext entityContext;
public LoanBean() {}
public void ejbActivate() {}
public void ejbPassivate() {}
public void ejbRemove() {}
public void ejbLoad() {}
public void ejbStore() {}
public javax.ejb.EntityContext getEntityContext() {
return entityContext;
}
public void setEntityContext(javax.ejb.EntityContext
entityContext) {
this.entityContext = entityContext;
}
public void unsetEntityContext() {}
public abstract void setRate(java.lang.Float rate);
public abstract java.lang.Float getRate();
public abstract void setAmount(java.lang.Float amount);
public abstract java.lang.Float getAmount();
public abstract void setBalance(java.lang.Float balance);
public abstract java.lang.Float getBalance();
public abstract void setTermMonths(java.lang.Integer
termMonths);
public abstract java.lang.Integer getTermMonths();
public java.lang.String ejbCreate() throws
javax.ejb.CreateException {
return null;
}
public void ejbPostCreate() {}
public abstract void setId(java.lang.Long aId);
public abstract java.lang.Long getId();
…
}
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Level 1: Visualization
 通常是由代码逆
向产生模型图
 目的
文档化
浏览
理解
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Level 2: Synchronization
 模型和代码保持
同步
自动
手工
 修改模型或代码
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
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Level 3: Patterns And Code Templates
 “A pattern provides a
common solution to a problem
in a specific context” (Grady
Booch)
 非常容易的重用成功验证的
设计
 各种pattern包括
 GoF Patterns
 IBM e-business patterns
 Sun’s J2EE patterns
 Code template允许代码级的
重用
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Level 4: Platform Independence
PIM 不会因为技术或程序语言
等的变化而受到影响
Refinement
Transformations
PIM 可以用来产生各种平台的
解决方案
Platform-Specific Model
Platform-Specific Model
Platform-Specific Model A
Transformations
improve adoption of new platform
technology
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
PlatformIndependent
Model
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Level 5: Executable Models
 模型本身可以执
行
 用户基本上面对
的是模型
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Level 6: MDD Vision
Requirements, Use Cases
Systems and Business Engineering
Patterns and traceability
Design
Test and
Instrumentation
Customizable
transformations
Code
Debugging
Build and Deploy
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Application
Level 6 Future Possibilities
 模型驱动排错
例如断点设在模型
上而不是在代码上
 可视化运行时分析
例如线程等
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