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MINERnA NuMI George Tzanakos University of Athens Outline Introduction Physics Goals The NuMI Beam Detector Technology The MINERvA Detector Expected Results Connection to Neutrino Oscillation Expts Current Status and Outlook Conclusions George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 1 Main INjector ExpeRiment for v -A • MINERvA is a newly approved FNAL Experiment designed to study neutrino-nucleus interactions with unprecedented detail. • MINERvA uses a compact, fully active neutrino detector to make accurate measurements of v – A cross sections in exclussive channels. • The MINERvA detector will be placed in the NuMI beam line upstream of the MINOS Near Detector. George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 2 NuMI Beam MINOS ND MINERvA Main Injector George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 3 MINOS ND MINERvA (Animation) George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 4 D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois University of Athens, Athens, Greece G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois D. Casper, J. Dunmore, C. Regis, B. Ziemer University of California, Irvine, California W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,, W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia E. Paschos University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois M.E. Christy, W. Hinton, C.E .Keppel Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia R. Burnstein, O. Kamaev, N. Solomey Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois S.Kulagin Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia I. Niculescu. G. .Niculescu James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Black = Theorist George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. Paolone University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Babaro, S. Manly, K. McFarland, J. Park, W. Sakumoto University of Rochester, Rochester, New York R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki, K. McCormick, R. Ransome Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey A. Chakravorty Saint Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts J. Nelson, F.X.Yumiceva William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 5 For mass splitting (m2) measurements in νμ disappearance • Understanding of relationship between observed energy & incident neutrino energy (Evis En) ultimate precision in m2 – Measurement of n-initiated nuclear effects – Improved measurement of exclusive cross sections For electron appearance (νμ νe) • Much improved measurements of n- A exclusive accurate background predictions signal above background estimation – Individual final states cross sections (esp. π0 production) – Intra-nuclear charge exchange – Nuclear (A) dependence For Nuclear Physics • New precise Jefferson Lab measurements of electron scattering are inspiring nuclear physicists to consider neutrinos – – Vector versus axial vector form factors Nuclear effects: are they the same or different for neutrinos? George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 6 • Axial form factor of the nucleon – Yet to be accurately measured over a wide Q2 range. • Resonance production in both NC & CC neutrino interactions – Statistically significant measurements with 1-5 GeV neutrinos * – Study of “duality” with neutrinos • Coherent pion production – Statistically significant measurements of or A-dependence • Nuclear effects – Expect some significant differences for n-A vs e/μ-A nuclear effects • Strange Particle Production – Important backgrounds for proton decay • Parton distribution functions – Measurement of high-x behavior of quarks • Generalized parton distributions George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 7 Mainly from experiments in the 70’s and 80’s at ANL, BNL, FNAL, CERN, Serpukov • World sample statistics is poor! • Systematics large due to flux uncertainties • See examples: • • • • Quasi elastic scattering Single pion production (CC) Total Cross Section Coherent pion production George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 8 S. Zeller - NuInt04 K2K and MiniBooNe George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 9 nμp–p+ nμn–n+ George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece nμn–p0 ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 10 (tot/En) vs En NuMI flux (1-20 GeV) George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece En ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 11 • Need an Intense Neutrino Beam (NuMI Beam) • Improved Systematics in Neutrino Flux (NuMI Target in MIPP Experiment) • We need a detector with – Good tracking resolution – Good momentum resolution – A low momentum threshold – Timing (for strange particle ID) – Particle ID to identify exclusive final states – Variety of targets to study nuclear dependencies George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 12 Protons George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 13 • 120 GeV primary Main Injector beam • 675 meter decay pipe for p decay • Target readily movable in beam direction • 2-horn beam adjusts for variable energy range Move Target only George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece Move Target and Horn #2 ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 14 • • • • Extremely intense beam: means near detectors see huge event rates. Example: NuMI low energy beam, get ~million events per ton-year in near hall MIPP measurements of NuMI target mean that n flux will be better predicted than ever before Perfect opportunity for precision n interaction studies. Examples of Real MINOS ND Events in two spills: George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 15 Assume: • 16×1020 POT in 4 years (mixture of LE, ME, & HE tunes) • Fiducial Volumes 3 ton (CH), 0.6 ton C, 1 ton Fe & 1 ton Pb • 16 M total CC events (8.8 M in CH, 7.2 M in C,Fe, Pb) Expected event yields: – Quasi-elastic 0.8 M events – Resonance Production 1.6 M – Transition: Resonance to DIS 2.0 M – DIS and Structure Functions 4.1 M – Coherent Pion Production 85 K (CC) & 37 K (NC) – Strange & Charm Particle Production >230 K fully reco’d – Generalized Parton Distributions ~10 K – Nuclear Effects C: 1.4M; Fe: 2.9M; Pb: 2.9M George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 16 • 1.7 x 3.3 cm triangular Sci strips • 1.2 mm WLS Fiber readout Form Planes PMT Box Clear fiber Scintillator and embedded WLS DDK Connectors George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece Cookie M-64 PMT ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 17 PMT Box Assembly Fiber Bundle Fiber Cookie M64 MAPMT • 64 pixels, 8 X 8 array • pixel: 2 x 2 mm2 • QE (520 nm): >12.5% • Cross-talk: ~ 10% • Anode Pulse Rise Time: ~0.83 nsec • TTS: 0.3 nsec • Uniformity: 1:3 Hamamatsu M64 MAPMT George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece 64 signals ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 18 n n • • • Active Target: Segmented scintillator detector 5.87 tons 1 ton of US nuclear target (C, Fe, Pb) planes (absorber + Scintillator) Side ECAL: Pb X0/3 sampling George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece • Downstream (DS) Calorimeters: – – • ECAL: Pb X0/3 between each sampling plane HCAL: 1 inch steel (l0/6) between each sampling plane. Outer Detector (OD): (HCAL) frames ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 19 Side view Steel Frame Mounting ears 3.80 m Lead Collar Scintillator planes or calorimeter targets Scintillator for calorimeters George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece OD ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 ECAL 20 • Quasi-elastic nn–p p n – • Proton and muon tracks are clearly resolved • Observed energy deposit is shown as size of hit; can clearly see larger proton dE/dx • Precise determination of vertex and measurement of Q2 from tracking George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 21 0 Production g nuclear targets active detector ECAL HCAL n g • two photons clearly resolved (tracked). • can find vertex. • some photons shower in ID, some inside ECAL (Pb absorber) region • photon energy resolution is ~6%/sqrt(E) (average) George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 22 • QE Scattering Cross Sections • Axial Form Factors • Nuclear Effects • Coherent Pion Production George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 23 MINERnA George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 25 • Vector form factors measured with electrons. • GE/GM ratio varies with Q2 - a surprise from JLab • Axial form factor poorly known FA from previous D2 experiments Minerna (4 year run} Efficiencies and Purity included. Dipole Form: GD q 2 GD q 2 George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece Gp G 1 1 q2 1 2 MV 2 , M V2 0. p 2 2 p 2n G G q , G 0, G , M 0.71 GeV E D E M V 2 q2 1 2 Sept 23, 2005 V MERICE05, q 2 , G n 0, G p G 27 q2 , Gn G Deviation from Dipole behavior. Plot FA/Dipole form vs Q2 FA from the D2 experiments. Cross Section/Dipole Polarization/Dipole MINERvA can determine: • Whether FA deviates from a dipole • Which Q2 form is correct: “cross-section” or “polarization” George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 28 • Tests understanding of the weak interaction –The cross section can be calculated in various models • Neutral pion production is a significant background for neutrino oscillations – Asymmetric π0 showers can be confused with an electron shower Precision measurement of (E) for NC and CC channels Measurement of A-dependence Comparison with theoretical models George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece n/± n 0 / ± Z/W P N ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 N 29 4-year MINERVA run Expected MiniBooNe & K2K measurements George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 30 Plotted: σcoh vs. A A-range of current measurements Rein-Seghal model MINERvA errors Paschos- Kartavtsev model A MINERvA’s nuclear targets allow the first measurement of the A-dependence of σcoh across a wide A range George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 31 Nuclear Effects & Δm2 Measurements μ n π Evis ≠ En – Understand the relationship Evis En – π absorption & rescattering – Final state rest masses – v-nuclear corrections predicted to be different from those in charged lepton scattering (studied from Deuterium to Pb at high energies) George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece Sergey Kulagin model F2, Pb/C (MINERnA stat. errors) ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 32 Plotted: Evis/En versus En -3 Fe: Effect of pion absorption Nominal abs +3 C • Nuclear targets: C, Fe, Pb •No Pion Absorption •Effect of pion rescattering Fe George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece Pb ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 33 (δΔ/Δ) versus Δ (Δ Δm2) Before MINERvA (AM) Post MINERvA (PM) George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 34 • NOvA’s near detector will see different mix of events than the far detector Total fractional error in the predictions as a function of reach (NOvA) Before Process QE RES COH DIS d/ NOW (CC,NC) (%) 20 40 100 20 d/ after MINERnA (CC,NC) (%) 5/na 5/10 5/20 5/10 George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 After 35 T2K’s ND will see different mix of events than the FD • • To make an accurate prediction one needs – 1 - 4 GeV neutrino cross sections (with energy dependence ) MINERvA can provide these with low energy NuMI configuration George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 36 • April 2004 – Stage I approval from FNAL PAC • October 2004 – Complete first Vertical Slice Test with MINERνA extrusions, WLS fiber and Front-End electronics • January 2005 – First Project Director’s (‘Temple’) Review • Summer 2005 – Second Vertical Slice Test • December 2005 – Projected Date for MINERvA Project Baseline Review • October 2006 – Start of Construction • Summer 2008 – MINERvA Installation and Commissioning in NuMI Near Hall George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 37 • Presently Low Energy n- Nucleus interactions are poorly measured. MINERnA, a recently approved experiment, brings together the expertise of the HEP and NP communities to use the NuMI beam and a high granularity detector to break new ground on precision low-energy n-A interaction measurements. • MINERvA will provide a high statistics and improved systematics study of important exclusive channels across a wider En range than currently available. With excellent knowledge of the beam (NuMI + MIPP), exclusive cross sections will be measured with unprecedented precision. • MINERvA will make a systematic study of nuclear effects in n-A interactions (different than well-studied e-A channels) using C, Fe and Pb targets. • MINERvA will help improve the systematic errors of current and future neutrino oscillation experiments (MINOS, NOvA, T2K, and others). George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 38 The MINERvA Collaboration Especially: S. Boyd, H. Budd, D. Harris, K. McFarland, J. Morfin, J. Nelson, R. Ransome George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 39