Indian Nationalism - Saint Francis High School
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Transcript Indian Nationalism - Saint Francis High School
Indian Nationalism &
Decolonization
1858
British take political control
of India
Causes of Indian nationalism:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
discontent with British rule
India unified
leadership: Western-educated Indian elite
common language
new print culture
nationalist orgs:
1885 – Indian National Congress
early 1900s – Swadeshi Samitis
1906 – Muslim League
Political Nationalism
desire for greater political freedoms, such as:
suffrage
more Indians in government
independence
Cultural Nationalism
development of “Indian” cultural identity
rewrite histories
emphasis on Hinduism
Indian contributions to math and sciences
idea of Indian art
Indian National Congress
1885
1st – Indian elite only
1920s – mass
movement (Gandhi)
moderate
constitutional
methods
Alan Octavian Hume, founder of Indian
National Indian National Union, which
became INC
Swadeshi Movement
early 1900s
Swadeshi = “one’s own country,” selfsufficiency
boycott British goods
Indians produce own goods
Indian schools nationalist education
nationalism = mass movement
Indian National Muslim League
1906
advocate for Muslim
political rights
Muhammad Ali Jinnah – leader of
Muslim League, founder of Pakistan,
and first Governor-General of Pakistan
Gandhi (1869-1948)
leader of INC, 1920s1930s
nonviolence
(satyagraha)
Chronology - early life & training for his
future role:
1869 – born in Gujarat
1888-1891 – study law in Britain
1893-1899, 1902-1915 – fight racism in SA
Chronology – protest against British rule
builds & Gandhi becomes Indian leader:
1915 – Satyagraha Ashram
1919 – Amritsar Massacre
1922-1924 – imprisonment
1924 – 21-day fast: Hindu-Muslim unity
1930 – Salt March
January 1948 – fast: Hindu-Muslim unity
1948 – assassinated by Hindu zealot
Gandhi and followers on the Salt March
On the beach at Dandi, the end of the Salt
March
Issues in the Indian nationalist movement
method – nonviolence vs. violence
religion – Hinduism vs. Islam
women’s rights
Q of westernization/modernization
Independence
14, 1947 –
Pakistan (Muslim majority)
August
15, 1947 – India
(Hindu majority)
August
India before (left) and after (right) 1947
Post-Independence Violence
Hindu vs. Muslim
1 million deaths
12 million relocated
Gandhi’s fast success
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
1st PM of India (19471964)
goal: modernize India,
via socialist economics
& democratic politics