Indian Nationalism - Saint Francis High School
Download
Report
Transcript Indian Nationalism - Saint Francis High School
Indian Nationalism &
Decolonization
1858
British take political control
of India
Causes of Indian nationalism:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
discontent with British rule
India unified
leadership
common language
new print culture
nationalist orgs.
Political Nationalism
desire for political freedoms:
suffrage
Indians in government
independence
Cultural Nationalism
development of “Indian” cultural identity
rewrite histories
Hinduism
math/sciences
art
Indian National Congress
1885
1st – Indian elite only
1920s – mass
movement (Gandhi)
moderate
constitutional
methods
Alan Octavian Hume, founder of Indian
National Indian National Union, which
became INC
Swadeshi Movement
early 1900s
Swadeshi = “one’s own country,” selfsufficiency
boycott British goods
Indians produce own goods
nationalist education
nationalism = mass movement
Muslim League
1906
seek Muslim political
rights
Muhammad Ali Jinnah – leader of
Muslim League, founder of Pakistan,
and first Governor-General of Pakistan
Gandhi (1869-1948)
leader of INC, 1920s1930s
nonviolence
(satyagraha)
Chronology - early life & training for his
future role:
1869 – born in Gujarat
1888-1891 – study law in Britain
1893-1899, 1902-1915 – fight racism in SA
Chronology – protest against British rule
builds & Gandhi becomes Indian leader:
1915 – Satyagraha Ashram
1919 – Amritsar Massacre
1922-1924 – imprisonment
1924 – fast: Hindu-Muslim unity
1930 – Salt March
January 1948 – fast: Hindu-Muslim unity
1948 – assassinated
Gandhi and followers on the Salt March
On the beach at Dandi, the end of the Salt
March
Issues in the Indian nationalist movement
method – nonviolence vs. violence
religion – Hinduism vs. Islam
women’s rights
Q of westernization/modernization
Independence
14, 1947 –
Pakistan (Muslim majority)
August
15, 1947 – India
(Hindu majority)
August
India before (left) and after (right) 1947
Post-Independence Violence
Hindu vs. Muslim
1 million deaths
12 million relocated
Gandhi’s fast success
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
1st PM of India (19471964)
goal: modernize India,
via socialist economics
& democratic politics