Transcript LATG: Chapters 1, 2, 3 - AZ Branch AALAS Homepage

LATG: Chapters 1, 2, 3
Functions of Management
Identifying and Controlling Costs
Regulations and Security
Ch. 1: Functions of Management
3
levels of Management
• Lower-level: frontline, supervise workers
– Group leaders
• Middle-level: oversee activities of
supervisors
– Managers, Dept. Head
• Upper-level: responsible for programs and
operations
– Facility Director, President
Manager skills
 Conceptual
skills:
• identify and solve problems, think
creatively and analytically, develop long
range plans
 People
skills:
• leadership, motivation, and communication
 Technical
skills:
• understanding the work
5 Phases of Management
 Planning
 Organizing
 Directing
 Monitoring
 Staffing
 Open,
Honest, & Knowledgeable (good)
communication is essential for good
management
Planning
LATG positions fall into lower and middle
level management
 Upper-level management: set goals and
provides direction on how to accomplish
 LATG provide input to upper-level managers
about equipment and personnel
 Understand goals, why, how relate to overall
goals of organization
 Feedback up and down line

Organizing


Identify all of the work to accomplish goals
Divide work into individual jobs
• Physical limitations of the staff and facility
– daily obs and continuous care (365 days a yr.)
– physical limits affect efficiency & productivity
• Research Requirements
– special diets, strict feeding schedules, lightdark room schedules
• Special Requirements
– dog enrichment, rodent breeding-low noise
Directing



Day to day supervision of employees and work
Motivating the staff
• One of the most important roles of a supervisor
• Provide incentives that stimulate working towards
specific goals
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs- money is only one
component
• Sense of purpose: accomplishment
Time Management
Directing
 Job
delegation:
• one of the most important skills a new
supervisor must acquire
• use guidelines to delegate
 Problem
Employee:
• there is always one!!
• Counsel on first incidence of unacceptable
behavior
• Behavior vs. Personality
Directing
 Job
Variety
• well-trained staff and low-rate of employee
turnover
• flex-time: employees choosing work hrs.
• scheduling routine procedures at different
times
• Research project reviews with PI’s
Monitoring
 Regular
evaluation of unit’s and
individual’s progress towards goals
 Effective performance review: 3 types
• Informal or ongoing evaluations
• Periodic Performance Appraisals
• Annual Appraisal Performance Standards
– Personal Goals
– Annual Appraisal Interview
Staffing



One of the principal responsibilities of an animal
research facility staff supervisor
HR dept. is great resource
Interviewing:
• First Impression for interviewer and applicant
• Interviewer professional and well-prepared
• Pre-employment interview guidelines
– competency based questions
Staffing


Hiring:
• Big decision; best fit for now and future; don’t
overlook overqualified candidates
Terminating Employees:
• final option after disciplinary actions (verbal
reprimands, written reprimands, suspensions, and
demotions).
• Solid legal ground for termination
• Must have a written record (documentation) of
problems with employee
Staffing

Labor unions:
• Written contracts with wages, work hrs., vacation
& sick leave, promotion criteria, etc.
• Contracts are for written period of time
• Re-negotiated between the union mngmt. &
institutions mngmt.
• Union has 1 representative, designated stewards
• Written complaints against employer:
– Grievance
Ch. 2: Identifying and Controlling
Costs
 Cost
analysis:
• method used o calculate the amount of
money required to operate an animal
resource program
• Cost Analysis and rate Setting Manual for
Animal Resources (revised in 2000)
• deterimine and list all costs associated with
animal facility & assign cost centers
• generate animal per diems
Cost Accounting Criteria
 Small
centralized facilities are easier to
handle
 LATGs gather and summarize stats on
info. needed to generate cost analysis
(sq. ft., animal days, amount of food
used, etc.)
 Total Cost Accumulation:
• Three step process
Total Cost Accumulation
 Step
1: Prepare Trial Balance
• list all direct an indirect expenses
– direct: salaries, wages, benefits, supplies,
service contracts, noncapital equipment
– indirect: costs incurred by institution in general
support of facility operations. Physical plant &
maintenance, facility depreciation, water and
electrical consumption
• Step 2: Assign cost centers on all
expenses listed in trial balance
Total Cost Accumulation
 Step
3: Allocate total cost
• nonrevenue-producing cost centers
– does not allow recovery of its own costs by per
diem rate or fee for service
• Allocation to revenue-producing cost
centers the total cost from nonrevenue
producing cost centers.
 Institutional
Cost Recovery Methods
• varies from institution; recovery=per diem
Cost Analysis and Budgeting
 Cost
containment based on lack of cost
recovery from per diem rates
 Personnel:
• 60% of all costs related to animal care
 Consolidation
of physical space
 Caging: automatic watering systems
 Cage Washing: efficiency
Cost Analysis and Budgeting
 Animal
days: evaluate minimum number
of days animals must be kept
 Feed: amounts, prices,
 Bedding: quantity and quality of contact
bedding
 Refuse: bulk vs. small batch
 Laboratory tests: sentinel program
 Special Services and Programs
Ch. 3: Regulations and Security
 Legislative
Issues and Regulations
• supervising personnel requires in depth
knowledge of federal, state, and local
regulations and guidelines
 Federal
regulations:
• Animal Welfare Act-USDA
• Public Health Service (PHS) Policy -OLAW
• Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs)-FDA
Regulations
 Reference
file for LATGs
• ILAR Guide for the Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals:
– outlines adequate veterinary care, facility
environment, housing requirements, sanitation
standards
• Animal Welfare Act (AWA):
– programs for disease prevention, parasite
control, and euthanasia under supervision of
veterinarian
1985 Amendments to AWA
Dog exercise program
 Environmental enrichment program for NHP
 Training for scientists, animal techs. In proper
handling and care of lab animals
 One major operative surgical procedure
 Minimization of Pain and Distress
 Defined duties and composition of IACUC

Facility Security

Risk Assessment:
• all animal research facilities are at risk
• specific research that increases risk:
– using random source dogs and cats from pounds
– use of nonhuman primates
– substance abuse research
– pain studies
– psychological or behavior research
• Higher risk with publicity of work conducted on-site
• USDA reports available to public-FOIA
Selecting a Security System
 Needs
of facility
 Level of Risk
• random source dogs vs. mouse house
 Financial
status of institution
Defusing Issues
 Institutions
proactively work on public
sentiment
 Project files:
• lists of research projects and goals
 Public
education:
• Can’t support if don’t understand issues
• NABR and AMP: conduct media
campaigns which details the advances in
biomedical research
Defusing Issues



Employee Education:
• animal care staff will notice strangers in facilities
• educate staff on need to report unusual activities
or occurrences
Employee Screening:
• Interview process-ask questions about use of lab
animals
• security background screens
Contacts within Law Enforcement