US I/M Programs

REDUCING THE IMPACT OF VEHICLES ON AIR AND ENVIRONMENT QUALITY IN CITIES Hotel Royal Pedregal, Mexico City January 22 – 23rd 2004 Robert Slott, MIT 1

Data Source

Literature and Best Practices Scan: Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Programs

Project Number 0092-02-09

Submitted to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation Bureau of Vehicle Services Bureau of Environment Prepared by: Rob Klausmeier

June 2002

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US I/M Programs June 2002

31 States 8 Statewide Programs 15 Test & Repair 12 Test Only 4 Combined 3

US I/M Programs June 2002

16 Tested for NOx 7 Included Diesels 10 Used IM240 9 Used ASM All Planned to include OBDII 4

I/M Research in States

Low income repair assistance (CA) Finding Liquid Leakers (AZ, CA) OBDII effectiveness (Many) Remote sensing Clean Screening (MO, CO) High Emitter Identification (Many) Reducing diesel emissions (CA) 5

OBDII/OBDIII

• OBDII – Only for vehicles equipped with OBDII – Need for Motorist Education – Readiness Codes and Inspection – Potential for Cheating - Clean Scanning • OBDIII – Will include VIN and Security Number – Time since Codes were Cleared 6

Diesel Testing, PM

• Two Standard Tests for Smoke – SAE 1667 – Snap Idle (HDDV) • Cheap, easy to cheat and thus needs very good QC/QA • Results do not correlate with on-road PM • R&D: A number of organizations looking at remote sensing for on-road PM.

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Diesel Testing, NOx

• No State Testing for NOx –Dynamometers expensive –7 states do diesel dyno smoke test • Remote Sensing –NOx Measurement Demonstrated –Not offered commercially because of problem of tailpipe location.

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Recommendations

• Look for Liquid Leakers – If a program can be developed, large benefits expected.

• Wait to see what happens with: – Diesel testing; currently unreliable & expensive.

– Remote sensing for High Emitter Identification; high false pass, false fail.

• Follow OBDII - inspections may be done in alternative low cost, convenient ways.

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