Transcript Background - Maryland Dept. Of The Environment

The Clean Air Act

First Clean Air Act passed in 1967: 1970 Amendments established
current relationship between states and federal government and
required air quality plans
 Significant revisions in 1977 and 1990
 1990 Amendments developed because many urban areas continue
to violate federal air quality standards
 Increased emphasis on assessment and control of transported
pollution
Criteria Pollutants Identified

Six compounds were emitted in quantities sufficient
to harm human health and welfare
 Criteria pollutants reviewed every 5 years and
revised if needed
 Criteria Pollutants
– CO, PB, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10

Primary Pollutants
– CO, Pb, NO2, SO2, PM10
 Secondary Pollutants
– O3, PM2.5, Regional Haze
A Quick Primer on How Ground
Level Ozone is Formed
Existing 1-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas
Ozone Transport Region
Marginal Nonattainment
Severe Nonattainment
*For the 1-hour ozone standard.
Includes Washington bump-up
EPA’s Recent 8-hr Designation for Maryland
(Moderate Nonattainment Areas)
Baltimore Region
Washington Region
Cecil County (Phil. Region)
EAC Region (Washington County Only)
Kent and QA County – tied to Baltimore
NAA
Ozone
Days Above the 1-hour Standard
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
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Source: MARAMA – 2002 Data
DC
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Maryland’s Air Quality




Ozone levels in Maryland
are very high
Fine particulate levels are
high
Air pollution contributes
significantly to Bay
pollution
Regional haze and air
toxics are also significant
air pollution problems in
Maryland
Air Quality Plans

Complexity dependent on many factors
– Pollutant formation:
 Primary vs secondary
 Local vs regional
– Emissions:
 Predominant source vs many sources
– Control measures:
 Technology vs behavioral changes
 Technology available vs technology forcing
 Cost effectiveness and who pays (perception)
Background

Heavy-duty diesel engines have
significantly lagged behind in the use of
aftertreatment-based emission control
 Significant source of emissions for both
NOx (ozone) and Particulate Matter (PM)
 Contrtibutor to respiratory disease
Health Effects

95% of diesel particulate fall into Pm2.5.
Particles this size go deep into the lung
 Worsens preexisting respiratory conditions
such as asthma and allergies
 In 1998 a California study classified 41
elements in diesel exhaust as toxins
Environmental

By 2010 California estimates diesel
emissions to:
– Account for 39% of all NOx emissions
– Account for 94% of all PM emissions
EPA 2007 Rule

Adopted January 18,2001
 Applicable to all diesel vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,501 lbs. And greater
 Reduced exhaust emission standards
 Low-sulfur diesel fuel
2007 HDDE Rule Emission
Reductions

NOx from 2.0 to 0.2 g/bhp-hr (90% reduction)
– Phase-in: 50% from 2007 to 2009 and 100% in 2010

Non-Methane Hydrocarbons from 0.5 to 0.14
g/bhp-hr (72% reduction)
– Phase-in: 50% from 2007 to 2009 and 100% in 2010

PM from 0.1 to 0.01 g/bhp-hr (90% reduction)
– Full implementation in 2007
2007 Rule Fuel Requirements

Diesel sulfur levels reduced from 500 ppm
to 15ppm (97% reduction)
 Beginning mid 2006
 Full implementation 2007