Background - Maryland Dept. Of The Environment
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Transcript Background - Maryland Dept. Of The Environment
The Clean Air Act
First Clean Air Act passed in 1967: 1970 Amendments established
current relationship between states and federal government and
required air quality plans
Significant revisions in 1977 and 1990
1990 Amendments developed because many urban areas continue
to violate federal air quality standards
Increased emphasis on assessment and control of transported
pollution
Criteria Pollutants Identified
Six compounds were emitted in quantities sufficient
to harm human health and welfare
Criteria pollutants reviewed every 5 years and
revised if needed
Criteria Pollutants
– CO, PB, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10
Primary Pollutants
– CO, Pb, NO2, SO2, PM10
Secondary Pollutants
– O3, PM2.5, Regional Haze
A Quick Primer on How Ground
Level Ozone is Formed
Existing 1-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas
Ozone Transport Region
Marginal Nonattainment
Severe Nonattainment
*For the 1-hour ozone standard.
Includes Washington bump-up
EPA’s Recent 8-hr Designation for Maryland
(Moderate Nonattainment Areas)
Baltimore Region
Washington Region
Cecil County (Phil. Region)
EAC Region (Washington County Only)
Kent and QA County – tied to Baltimore
NAA
Ozone
Days Above the 1-hour Standard
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
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Source: MARAMA – 2002 Data
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Maryland’s Air Quality
Ozone levels in Maryland
are very high
Fine particulate levels are
high
Air pollution contributes
significantly to Bay
pollution
Regional haze and air
toxics are also significant
air pollution problems in
Maryland
Air Quality Plans
Complexity dependent on many factors
– Pollutant formation:
Primary vs secondary
Local vs regional
– Emissions:
Predominant source vs many sources
– Control measures:
Technology vs behavioral changes
Technology available vs technology forcing
Cost effectiveness and who pays (perception)
Background
Heavy-duty diesel engines have
significantly lagged behind in the use of
aftertreatment-based emission control
Significant source of emissions for both
NOx (ozone) and Particulate Matter (PM)
Contrtibutor to respiratory disease
Health Effects
95% of diesel particulate fall into Pm2.5.
Particles this size go deep into the lung
Worsens preexisting respiratory conditions
such as asthma and allergies
In 1998 a California study classified 41
elements in diesel exhaust as toxins
Environmental
By 2010 California estimates diesel
emissions to:
– Account for 39% of all NOx emissions
– Account for 94% of all PM emissions
EPA 2007 Rule
Adopted January 18,2001
Applicable to all diesel vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,501 lbs. And greater
Reduced exhaust emission standards
Low-sulfur diesel fuel
2007 HDDE Rule Emission
Reductions
NOx from 2.0 to 0.2 g/bhp-hr (90% reduction)
– Phase-in: 50% from 2007 to 2009 and 100% in 2010
Non-Methane Hydrocarbons from 0.5 to 0.14
g/bhp-hr (72% reduction)
– Phase-in: 50% from 2007 to 2009 and 100% in 2010
PM from 0.1 to 0.01 g/bhp-hr (90% reduction)
– Full implementation in 2007
2007 Rule Fuel Requirements
Diesel sulfur levels reduced from 500 ppm
to 15ppm (97% reduction)
Beginning mid 2006
Full implementation 2007