Transcript Biosolids, Manure, and Micronutrients Robert Mullen & Nick

Biosolids, Manure, and
Micronutrients
Robert Mullen & Nick Basta
Nutrient Management/Soil Fertility Specialist
Ohio State University
February 21, 2008
Overview
Essential micronutrients
Deficiency/toxicity
Biosolids/manure micronutrient
content
Micronutrient soil availability
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Essential Nutrients
Thirteen essential nutrients
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
calcium, magnesium, sulfur (macros)
Iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum,
copper, zinc, and chlorine (micros)
Nickel has recently been added
Micros are needed in much lower
concentrations to ensure adequate
supply
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Essential Nutrients
Necessary micronutrient
concentrations for plant growth
Nutrient
Plant concentration, mg/kg
Iron
50-200
Manganese
20
Boron
10-50
Chlorine
100
Zinc
20-50
Copper
20
Molybdenum
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0.1-0.2
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Essential Nutrients
Micronutrients can be toxic when
supplied at levels higher than plant
nutrient need
University of
Hawaii
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Biosolids/Manures
It stands to reason that human and
animal waste contain the macro/micronutrients needed for higher
plant nutrition
Everything we consume is plant based
Thus, logically any animal waste
material likely contains some level of
micronutrient nutrition
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Biosolids/Manures
Typical biosolid micronutrient
content
Nutrient
Range
Median
Mean
----------------mg/kg----------------Iron
Manganese
Boron
Zinc
Copper
Molybdenum
1,000-153,000
11,000
13,000
18-7,100
260
380
4-760
33
77
101-27,800
1740
2790
84-10,400
850
1210
5-39
30
28
Sommers (1997) – Journal of Environmental Quality 6:225-232.
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Biosolids/Manures
Average animal manure
micronutrient content of different
animal sources
Manure source
Iron
Manganese
Boron
Zinc
Copper
-----------------lb/wet ton--------------------Dairy solid
0.5
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.01
Swine solid
19.0
1.09
0.04
0.79
0.50
3.0
0.61
0.08
0.48
0.66
Poultry
-----------------lb/1000 gal---------------------
Dairy liquid
0.9
0.11
0.03
0.11
0.12
Swine liquid
2.5
0.23
0.06
1.03
0.62
Micronutrient Status of Manure, University of Wisconsin, 2001
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Biosolids/Manures
Biosolids/manures can be good
sources of plant essential
micronutrients
Let’s calculate just how much we
add based upon a single application
rate
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Biosolids/Manures
Suppose we are applying 3 tons of
biosolids per acre (dry basis), how
much iron, manganese, boron, zinc,
copper, and molybdenum have we
supplied?
Nutrient
Iron
78
Manganese
2.3
Boron
0.5
Zinc
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Application rate (lb/acre)
16.8
Copper
7.3
Molybdenum
0.2
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Biosolids/Manure
Do not assume that application will
necessarily result in higher plant
uptakes
We have ample evidence that shows
levels will increase if the nutrient was
deficient
But non-deficient sites will not
necessarily show increases in crop
uptake
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Biosolids/Manure
Remember, biosolids/manure do not
supply a salt form analogous to
commercial forms
Availability may not necessarily be
comparable to commercial forms (at
least short-term)
Predicated on biosolid/manure
application rate
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Biosolids/Manure
Application rates and availability
Long-term application of biosolids (13
years) on micronutrient availability
(DTPA extractable)
Study conducted at Oklahoma State
University
Biosolids application rate ranged from
3,500 – 10,000 lbs/acre (depending
upon nitrogen analysis of material)
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Biosolids/Manure
Total micronutrient analysis of soil
PAN rate (kg/ha)
Fe
B
Cu
Zn
-----------------mg/kg----------------------------------Biosolids-----------------0
25.4
0.53
1.23
0.77
45
34.7
0.36
2.10
2.00
90
31.0
0.58
2.30
2.27
180
55.0
0.44
5.60
7.17
269
58.6
0.60
7.13
9.77
539
92.5
0.80
11.0
15.5
-----------Ammonium nitrate-----------0
25.4
0.53
1.23
0.77
45
31.5
0.52
1.43
0.77
90
43.8
0.56
1.63
1.07
180
60.9
0.33
1.60
0.80
269
57.1
0.32
1.67
0.77
539
63.4
0.26
1.83
0.73
Schroeder et al. (2008) Soil Science Society of America Journal
72:73-82.
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Micronutrient Soil Availability
Even though we may be
supplementing micronutrient
nutrition through biosolid/manure
application their availability is
dictated by soil pH
More of a concern as it relates to
toxicity from long-term application of
biosolids/manures
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Micronutrient Availability
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Micronutrient Availability
More acid soils have better (?)
micronutrient availability (this goes
for most of the heavy metals)
Exception being molybdenum
More acid soils also have greater risk
of micronutrient toxicity (especially
if the soil has a history of
biosolids/manure applications)
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Micronutrient Availability
To minimize risk of toxicity maintain
soil pH in optimum range for crop
production (6.0-7.0)
Soils that have high soil pH levels are
more likely to exhibit micronutrient
deficiencies, thus application of
biosolids/manure on these soils can
be very beneficial
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Summary
Biosolids/manure can be excellent
sources of micronutrient nutrition for
higher plants
Soils with application histories can
show higher micronutrient
availability levels than those
receiving commercial fertilization
Maintaining adequate soil pH for
crop production should ensure good
micronutrient availability
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Questions??
Thanks!
http://agcrops.osu.edu/fertility/
Robert W. Mullen
[email protected]
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