Transcript Effects of Drugs on Daphnia

Effects of Drugs on
Daphnia
Michelle Dilgard
Undergraduate Student
Education Major
Biology Concentration
Tennessee Technological University
Cookeville, TN 38505
Project Summary
• Problem: How do drugs effect Heart Rate?
• Using Daphnia is more appropriate
• Through the performing of an experiment
Introduction and Background
• Daphnia
– Water Flea (Wong, 1997)
• Many studies have been done previously
• Drugs to be used
– Caffeine (Foster, 1997)
– Nicotine
– Alcohol
– Ibuprofen (Cluevers, 2003)
Objective
• I will observe the changes in heart rate of
Daphnia when exposed to Caffeine,
Ibuprofen, Alcohol, and Nicotine. I will
have several separate samples of Daphnia
in my study. Each community will be
exposed to a different drug and observe
how the heart rate of the Daphnia changes
accordingly.
Hypothesis
• I believe the Daphnia heart rate will
increase when the Daphnia are exposed
to Caffeine and Nicotine. I believe the
Daphnia heart rate will decrease and slow
down when the Daphnia are exposed to
Ibuprofen and Alcohol.
Methods
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Label containers
Place Daphnia on slide
Record Heart Rate
Add experimental solution
Record new heart rate
Repeat
Data Form
Materials
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Water
Depression Slides
Cover slips
Droppers
Daphnia Magna
Microscope
Watch
• Petri Dishes
• Daphnia Anatomy
Chart
• Cigarettes
• 80 proof vodka
• No-dos
• Ibuprofen tablets
Expected Results
• I expect that the Daphnia’s heart rates will
increase with Nicotine and Caffeine
because both of these drugs are
stimulants.
• I also expect that the Daphnia’s heart
rates will decrease with Alcohol and
Ibuprofen solution.
Benefits
• This experiment will show not only the
effects of these drugs on Daphnia but also
what they similarly do to the human body
when it is exposed.
• Daphnia are used as a humane alternative
to Humans when performing this type of
experiment.
Timeline
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9-6-06 ~ Title Due
9-13-06~ Literature Reviews and Works Cited Due
9-20-06~ Method Objective and Hypothesis Due
9-27-06~ Research Proposal
10-4-06~ Website
10-11-06~ Midterm Due
10-25-06~ Begin Experiment
12-6-06~ Final Presentation
Budget
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Petri Dishes- $5.10
Slides- $7.50
Cover Slips- $3.20
Daphnia- $10.95
Caffeine Pills- $7.49
Ibuprofen- $9.99
Cigarettes- $3.40
Vodka- $16.99
Pipettes- $10.00
TOTAL= $74.62
Works Cited
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Campbell, Anthony K., Kenneth T. Wann, and Stephanie B. Matthews. 2004. Lactose
causes heart arrhythmia in the water flea Daphnia pulex. Comparative
Biochemistry and physiological Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 139:
225-234.
Cluevers, Michael. 2004. Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac,
ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid. Exotoxicology an Environmental
Safety 59: 309-315.
Foster, Rachel. 1997. A stroboscopic method to investigate the effect of caffeine on
Daphnia hear rate. Journal of Biological Education 31: 253-255.
Wong, Diana C.L., Philip B. Dorn, and Eric Y. Chai. 1997. Acute toxicity and
structure-activity relationships of nine alcohol ethoxylate surfactants to fathead
minnow and Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:
1970-1976.
Wang, Helen Ying, Allen W. Olmstead, Hong Li, and Gerald A. LeBlanc. 2005. The
screening of chemicals for juvenoid-related endocrine activity using the water
flea Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicology 74: 193-204.
Villegas-Navarro, Arturo, Esperanza L. Ross, and Jose L. Reyes. 2003. The heart of
Daphnia magna: effects of four cardioactive drugs. Comparative Biochemisty
and Physiology Part C Toxicology and Pharmacology 136C: 127-134.