Transcript Cell Structure and Function

The Cell
So, what is a cell?
A cell is the smallest living thing that
can perform all of the life
functions.
Cell Theory
1.
The cell is the smallest living thing
that can perform all of the functions
of life.
2.
All living things are made of cells.
3.
All cells come only from other living
cells
Pop Quiz Question #1
Match each scientist to his “discovery”
C
_____He
was the first person to
describe cells
A. Schleiden
A
_____He
concluded that all plants were
made of cells
B. Virchow
E
_____He
concluded that all animal
tissues were made of cells
B
_____He concluded that all cells come
from other cells
D. Leeuwenhoek
D
_____He
was the first to see living cells
C. Hooke
E. Schwann
How big is a cell?
http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm
Pop Quiz Question #3
Which statement is a part of the cell
theory?
A. All cells come from synthetic
molecules.
B. Atoms are the smallest living thing
to perform all life functions
C. All living things are made of cells
D. All matter is made of atoms
Levels of Organization
The bodies of unicellular organisms are
very simple
The bodies of multicellular organisms are
more complex
Individual cells may have a specific function to
do (i.e. nerve cells, brain cells, blood cells) , but
they also work together
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organisms
Pop Quiz Question #4
What does multicellular mean?
A.
B.
C.
D.
No cells
Half a cell
One cell
Many cells
Part two: cell structure and function
Cell structures
 Organelles—any
part of a cell that is
enclosed by a membrane (AKA “little
organs”)
Animal cell structures
Vacuole—stores water and other chemicals
W
Rough endoplasmic reticulum—ER is an extension of the cell membrane
that forms a network of tubes through the cell, which transports materials
through the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes.
W
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum—does not contain
ribosomes
Lysosome—contains chemicals used to break down
materials taken into the cell
W
Golgi apparatus—takes materials manufactured by the
endoplasmic reticulum and processes them (also called a
Golgi body)
W
Cytoplasm—a jelly-like material in the cell
W
Mitochondria—use oxygen to get energy from
processing food
W
Cell membrane—a protective layer that controls what
goes in and out of the cell
W
Centriole—(only in animal cells) used in mitosis
Nucleus—controls the cell and contains the genetic
material (DNA); the largest organelle inside the cell
W
Ribosome—make proteins
W
Pop Quiz Question #5
Which organelle could be thought of as
the cell’s UPS company?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Ribosomes
Pop Quiz Question #6
Which organelle could be thought of as
the cell’s power plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Ribosomes
Pop Quiz Question #7
Which organelle could be thought of as
the cell’s computer or brain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Plant Cell Structures
Cell wall—a tough outer covering that lies just outside
the cell membrane; it supports and protects the cell
(only in plant cells)
Mitochondria—use oxygen to get energy from
processing food
Ribosome—make proteins
Nucleolus—located inside the nucleus; works with
ribosomes in the synthesis of protein
Cytoplasm—a jelly-like material in the cell
Vacuole--stores water
Cell membrane—controls what goes in and out of
the cell
Golgi apparatus—takes materials manufactured by
the endoplasmic reticulum and processes them.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Chloroplast—(only in plant cells) converts energy
from the sun (photosynthesis) into sugar (glucose)
which is used as energy by the plant
Two cell types
 Eukaryotic
cell—cells that have
genetic material inside of the nucleus
 Prokaryotic
cell—cells that have no
separate compartment for genetic
material
Living Cell Rap
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Listen close to the story I tell.
It's the rapping story of the living cell.
It's a happy tune that's sort of cheery.
About a real tough topic called the cell
theory.
All animals, plants, and protists too,
Are made of cells with different jobs to
do.
They're units of all organisms,
And I hope by now you got the rhythm.
It started with a dude named Hooke.
Who at some cork cells took a look.
He used a scope and took his time.
'Cause a cell is small and thinner than a
dime.
Say 1, 2, 3, 4,
Are you ready to learn about the cell
some more?
The animal cell has many parts,
And you must know each one by heart.
Like the farmer man in the dell.
The nucleus runs the entire cell.
Its gives the orders—kind of like a brain.
And it's protected by a nuclear
membrane.
Around the cell, you'll find a "skin,"
The cell membrane holds the whole cell in
But its job isn’t simple, no doubt,
It lets some things go in and out.
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Now please don't lose your cell enthusiasm,
Listen to the story of the cytoplasm.
Around the cell this fluid does go,
But in the nucleus it does not flow.
And don't forget those ribosomes—
It’s all about protein homes.
These protein “plants” are small, you agree,
You need a powerful scope to see.
Just when you thought you weren't having no
fun,
Along comes endoplasmic reticulum.
These tubelike structures serve as a track,
To carry stuff to the membrane and back.
You ever seen doughnuts with no holes?
In a cell, they're called vacuoles.
They're filled with stuff like H2O
They carry food so the cell can grow.
Last of all, but not the least,
Mitochondria - the cellular beasts,
They turn sugars into energy well,
We call them the powerhouse of the cell.
Now my friend, you know it well,
The incredible story of the living cell.