Transcript Chapter 4 Section 4 Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent

Later Peoples of the Fertile
Crescent
Take out a blank piece of paper
 Imagine
a world where
there are no laws
 Write a short story,
(about one page)
about a time when two
people in this world get
into a conflict.
 Examples: A theft, fight
or accidental injury
 Be
ready to share your
story in class
The Babylonians Conquer Mesopotamia
 What
is a monarch?
A monarch is a ruler of a
kingdom or empire.
Sumerian kings claimed
to be chosen by the
gods.
 Babylon had once
been a Sumerian city
located on the
Euphrates River near
what is today,
Baghdad.
Ancient
Babylon
Hammurabi
 Who
was Hammurabi?

In 1792 BC Hammurabi became king
of Babylon and was a brilliant war
leader.

He oversaw the building of new
sewer, irrigation, building, and tax
collection systems.

He ruled for 42 years. During his reign
Mesopotamia prospered.
Hammurabi’s Code
 The
earliest known
collection of laws.
 A set of 282 laws that
dealt with almost every
part of daily life.
 People all over the
empire could read
exactly what was
against the law.
The penalty
for
breaking
the bone
of a
slave was
to pay
a fine!!!!
Video
Actual Code of Laws
carved in stone
If a builder builds a house and
does not make the construction
firm and the house collapses and
causes death of the owner, that
builder shall be put to death.
If a freeman brings false
testimony in a case that
carries the death sentence,
he shall be put to death.
If a freeman wants to disinherit his
son but the judges find the son
has done no grave wrong, the
father may not disinherit his son.
If a freeman rents a field but does
not cultivate it, he shall pay the
owner grain based on the yield of
adjoining fields.
If a trader borrows money from a
merchant and then denies it, and
the merchant can prove this loan
was made, the trader shall pay
the merchant three times the
amount he borrowed.
Man’s Law vs God’s Law
 Moses
 Hammurabi
 Ten
 Code
commandments
 Guidelines to live by to
please God

of law
 Punishment by man for
wrongs against other
man
Invasion of Mesopotamia
Who were the Hittites?
A
strong kingdom in Asia
Minor, in what is today, Turkey.
 First
people to master
ironworking.
 Used the chariot, a wheeled,
horse-drawn cart used in
battle.
 They
captured Babylon in
1595 BC.
Who were the Kassites?
 The
Kassites were
people who lived north
of Babylon.
 They captured the city
of Babylon from the
Hittites
 Ruled for almost 400
years.
Who were the Assyrians?
 Lived
in northern Mesopotamia
 Ruled off and on for 300 years, after they captured
Babylon.
 In 900 BC they began to conquer all of
Mesopotamia, parts of Asia Minor, and Egypt.
 They were fierce in battle and before attacking,
they spread terror by looting villages and burning
crops. Anyone who resisted was killed!!
No it’s not me…
Assyrian Empire was ruled from Ninevah. They were
harsh rulers, whose kings ruled their kingdom through
local leaders. Communication between cities was
done by messengers on horseback.
Video
Who was Nebuchadnezzar?
 The
Palace of
Nebuchadnezzar
most famous
Chaldean king.
 He rebuilt Babylon
into a beautiful
city.
 He admired
Sumerian culture
and studied their
language and
religion.
 Ancient
Babylon
ruins of
Who were the Phoenicians?
 Lived
at the western end of
the Fertile Crescent along
the Mediterranean Sea.
 Created a wealthy trading
society.
 Today
the nation of
Lebanon occupies most of
what was once Phoenicia.
The Phoenicians were expert sailors and
found new colonies such as Carthage in
northern Africa.
Phoenician Achievements
 One
of the world’s
first alphabets.
 Glassblowing
 Purple
dye from a
snail-like shellfish
 Ivory carvings
 Became powerful
because of
establishing
Mediterranean trade
routes, not winning
battles.
Summary
 Many
different
peoples ruled in the
Fertile Crescent
after the Sumerians.
Some made
important
contributions that
are still valued
today.
Mesopotamian
Calendar