Transcript WHI: SOL 3a-e Mesopotamia

WHI: SOL 3a-e Mesopotamia
Early River Valley Civilizations
Akkad
• Sargon-ruler of Akkad, conquered and invaded
neighboring city-states (2300 b.c.e.)
• 1st empire in history- empire a group of cities or
states controlled by one ruler
• After Sargon’s death the empire was conquered
and fell
Babylon
• 1790 b.c.e Hammurabi King of Babylon brought
most of the Sumerian region under his control
• Known for Code of Hammurabi
• Established set of laws
• 1st to codify a set of laws- codify to arrange and
set down in writing
• Code dealt with civil law (private mattersbusiness, property, divorce, marriage, taxes, etc.)
• Code also dealt with criminal law (offenses
against others-murder, robbery, assault)
Hittites
• Moved out of Asia Minor in 1400 b.c.
• **brought knowledge of how to extract (get out)
iron from ore
• Tools and weapons made of iron were harder,
had sharper edges than those of bronze or
copper
• After their empire collapsed, ironsmiths travelled
and spread the knowledge to Asia, Africa, and
Europe
• Ushered in Iron Age**
Assyria
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Among most feared warriors in history
Conquered many regions
Well-ordered society
Extensive library
Extreme wealth for royals
New Babylon(Chaldea)
• Nebuchadnezzar- rebuilt the city of Babylon
• 85 ft. high walls, large moat
• Hanging Gardens of Babylon (once one of the
7 wonders of the world)
• Rebuilt a magnificent ziggurat
Phoenicians
• Located along the eastern Mediterranean Sea
• Sea traders
• Traded glass (made from sand) and purple dye
for tin and European goods
• Established colonies in N. Africa, Sicily, and
Spain
• “Carriers of civilization” created an alphabet
based on sound (i.e. Phonics, phonetic)
Israel(Judaism)
• Origins
• Abraham (founder) made a covenant (a promise
or agreement) with God
• Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt,
gave them the 10 Commandments
• Jerusalem main city, part of the “promised land”
of Canaan, rebuilt by Solomon captured by
various empires over time, still disputed
Israel
• Beliefs, traditions, and customs
• Belief in one God (monotheism)
• Torah, which contains the written records and
beliefs of the Jews
• Ten Commandments, which state moral and
religious conduct
• Patriarchal, men hold greatest legal and moral
authority
Israel
• Spread of Judaism
• Exile- to force out
• Diaspora- the spreading of the Jewish people
all over the world