Transcript Chapter 18 Classification

Unit B
Taxonomy
Part 1
1
Species of Organisms
•There are millions of known
species of organisms
•This is only 5% of all
organisms that ever lived!!!!!
•New organisms are still being
found and identified
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What is Classification?
Classification is the
arrangement of organisms into
orderly groups based on their
similarities / evolutionary
relationships
Classification is also known as
taxonomy
Taxonomists are scientists that
identify & name organisms
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Benefits of Classifying
•organisms
Accurately & uniformly names
•starfish
Prevents misnomers such as
& jellyfish that aren't
really fish
Uses same language (Latin or
some Greek) for all names
•
Sea”horse”??
4
Confusion in Using Different
Languages for Names
5
Latin Names are Understood by
all Taxonomists
6
Early Taxonomists
•2000 years ago,
Aristotle was the
first taxonomist
Aristotle divided
organisms into
plants & animals
He subdivided
them by their
habitat ---land,
sea, or air dwellers
•
•
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Early Taxonomists
•John Ray, a
botanist, was
the first to
use Latin for
naming
His names
were very long
descriptions
telling
everything
about the plant
•
8
Carolus Linnaeus
1707 – 1778
• 18th century
taxonomist
• Classified
•
organisms by
their structure
Developed
naming system
still used
today
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Carolus Linnaeus
•Called the “Father of
Taxonomy”
•Developed the modern
system of naming known
as binomial nomenclature
Two-word name (Genus &
species)
•
10
Standardized Naming
•Binomial
nomenclature used
•Genus species
•Latin or Greek
•Italicized in print
•Capitalize genus,
but NOT species
•Underline when
Turdus migratorius
writing
American Robin
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Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related?
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Rules for Naming Organisms
•The genetics (genotype) of
an organism determines its
physical attributes
(phenotype)
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Classification Groups
• Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a
•
•
category into which related
organisms are placed
There is a hierarchy of groups
(taxa) from broadest to most
specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class,
Order, Family, Genus, species
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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
BROADEST TAXON
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (Division – used for plants)
(subphylum may be here)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Most
Specific
Species
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Dumb
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Gooseberry
Soup!
16
Other ways to remember:
Do Kindly Put Cats Out For
Good Sleep
Dumb King Philip Came Over
For Good Sandwiches
18
B1 concept check-up questions
1.Define taxonomy
2. Use the scientific name of a dog (see Table B-1)
to explain the concept of binomial nomenclature.
3. List three advantages of using Latin as the
language of taxonomy
4. Would a dog’s “order” contain greater or fewer
members than its ”class”? Explain.
5. In one sentence each, summarize what is meant by
each of the following relationships used in
taxonomy:
a. evolution
c. embryology
b. biochemistry
d. homology