Transcript The Duel for North America

The Duel for North America
Chapter 6
Essential Questions?
• What caused the Seven Years War and what
were the outcomes?
New France (Canada)
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King Louis XVI promoted settlement
Samuel de Champlain: great soldier and explorer
1608: Quebec founded on the St. Lawrence River
Allied with Huron Indians, enemies of the
powerful Iroquois
• Population of Canada did not grow like that of the
13 colonies; Huguenots (French Protestants) not
allowed to migrate
French North America
Fur Trade Sparks Exploration
• Beaver fur was highly valued in Europe
• Fur-trappers fanned out and explored New
France, spreading white disease and slaughtering
beaver to near extinction.
• Catholic Jesuit Missionaries attempted to spread
religion among the Indians, but were more
successful in mapping the interior
• Settlements like Detroit and New Orleans gave
France control of the Mississippi River, and
furthered settlement and exploration.
Clashing Empires
• In the early 1700s, several wars were fought
between Great Britain and France (allied w/
Spain)
• GB emerged on top, gaining modern day Nova
Scotia and Newfoundland.
• In each of these wars few troops were sent
from Europe, colonists did most of the fighting
(Kings felt NA was of little importance)
George Washington: 1st in War
• British and French colonists began to vie for
the fertile ground in Ohio.
• Virginia claimed the land, but France began
erecting forts.
• In 1754, Virginia sends 21 year old George
Washington to lead a regiment against a
French fort at the site of modern day
Pittsburgh.
George Washington
Washington
• Washington hastily attacked the French,
winning the initial battle but was finally forced
to surrender (July 4, 1754!)
• Fearing a French uprising, GB forced
thousands of French speaking colonists to
relocate to Louisiana (roots of Cajun culture)
Global War Unites Colonists
• The Seven Years War (or French and Indian
War) was fought in NA, Europe, Africa, and
Asia, as well as all 4 oceans
• Major Allies: GB and Prussia v. France and
Spain
• Major battles all occurred in Europe.
Albany Conference
• 1854: 1st meeting of the colonies, only 7
showed
• Worked to make Iroquois allies of GB
• Ben Franklin proposed a plan that would unite
the colonies permanently, and give them
greater independence from GB.
• Most colonies and the King ignored this
request, but the seed was planted.
Colonial Unity
William Pitt Wins
• Pitt: Prime Minister of GB
• Focused efforts on Quebec and Montreal
• 1759: An unlikely British victory ended most
fighting in NA.
• Results: Treaty of Paris; GB received Canada
and Florida (From Spain); Spain receives all
land west of New Orleans.
• French colonists allowed to remain in Canada
(large minority still speak French)
War Brings Change
• Colonists felt increased since of strength
• Valuable military and diplomatic experience
• British elite often humiliated colonists with
names like “scum, backwoods hillbilly”,
colonists felt they weren’t given credit for
their roles.
• At one point in the war exports out of colonial
ports were halted, harming the colonial
economy.
Unity?
• Many critics assumed the colonists could not
unite because of multiple differences:
– Geography (north v. south)
– Religion (Catholic, Quaker, Moravian, Puritan, etc.)
– Nationalities (Irish, English, Scottish, German,
French)
Aftermath of War
• French gone from NA
• Spanish and Indians weakened
• Pontiac’s Rebellion
– 1763 Indian uprising
– Sought to throw GB out of Ohio country
– 2,000 British killed
– Military responds by intentionally spreading
smallpox
Pontiac’s Rebellion
British Reaction
• In order to keep colonial • Americans defiant, feel
pioneers from clashing
entitled to land after 7
with Indians, GB issues
Years War.
the Proclamation of
• Pioneers like Daniel
1763
Boone defy order, move
• Prohibits colonists from
west anyway.
moving west of
• Combination of Salutary
Appalachian Mountains
Neglect and defiance of
authority = Revolution?