Transcript Vertebrae

Vertebrae
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body (corpus)
 extremitas cran. (convex) & caud. (concave)
discus intervertebralis, NO synovial joints !
arch (arcus): 2x pediculus + lamina
 DORSAL! – orientation
 incisura cran. + caud.  foramen intervertebrale
(for. vertebrale laterale)
processes (processus)
 proc. spinosus, transversus, articularis
 proc. mamillaris (+cran. artic.), accessorius
cervical vertebrae
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 mobility
 body very convex + concave
 articular surfaces very large
- proc. transv.  tuberculum dors. + ventr.
- for. transversarium? (cervical only)
cervical vertebrae, C1
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C1 – atlas, nodding movement
 body  massa lat., proc. transv.  wing (ala
atlantis), no proc. articularis, proc. spinosus 
tuberculum
 cran.: deep excavation for condylus occipitalis
 ventral: excavation: fossa alaris
 foramina (interspec. diff.)
for. alare  fossa alaris
for. vertebrale lat. (MED!)  canalis vertebralis
for. transversarium  perforates proc. transv.
cervical vertebrae
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C2 – axis, rotatory movement
cran. projection: dens axis
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interspec. diff.: shape of dens
fac. articul. cran.
proc. spinosus
C6 – tuberculum ventr. lamina ventralis
C7 – caud: attachment of 1st rib, NO for. transv.
thoracic vertebrae
attachment of ribs (small proc. transv.)
- on body: fovea costalis cran. + caud.
 head of rib
- on proc. transv.: fovea costalis proc. transv.
 tubercle of rib
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high proc. spinosus
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lumbar vertebrae: large proc. transversus
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interspec. diff.: direction of proc. transv.
proc. spinosus: ratio (high)
sacral vertebrae: fused to form the sacrum
proc. transv.  ala ossis sacri
(facies auricularis – hip bone)
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interspec. diff.: position of wing, shape of bone,
direction of auricular surface,
fusion of procc. spinosi + articul.
caudal vertebrae: reduction of processes
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ribs prox.:
head (caput)  body of vertebrae
neck (collum)
tubercle (tuberculum)  proc. transversus
directed caudally!  R/L?
sulcus muscularis (craniolat.: expand thorax
during respiration)
sulcus costae (vessels + nerv: caudomed.,
protected)
sternum
- cran.: manubrium
- body (corpus)
- caud.: proc. xiphoideus
interspec. diff.: shape
(Eq: crista ventralis sterni)
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