Transcript Chapter 16 Section 4 Dawn of Mass Culture

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The Carpenters union of 1889 uses the popular
phrase of “eight hours for work ,eight hours for
rest, and eight hours for what we will.”
Many people during the period used the what
we will time to enjoy amusement park,
bicycling, tennis, and spectator sports.
Cities set aside “green space” which included
parks and playing grounds for the outdoor
enjoyment for residents.
Many leaders for this trend were New York
and Chicago.
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Cities constructed amusement parks on the
outskirts of town. Most companies that built
them where trolley-car companies that were
interested in more passengers.
The amusement parks offered an assortment of
rides and picnic grounds.
Coney Island had the first rollercoaster in 1884.
Chicago had the first Ferris Wheel at their
Worlds Fair in 1893.
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At the turn of the century many pastimes such as
bicycling entertained women as well as men.
The first American bicycles, manufactured by Colonel
A. Pope in the 1870’s challenged riders.
Bicycling was once a all male sport because a bump
would send you over the handlebars.
Women started when the Safety Bicycle with smaller
and air filled tires was made.
Women wore split skirts and tailored blouses while
cycling to make it more comfortable.
Woman suffragist Susan B. Anthony said that at the
time, “bicycling had done more to emancipate women
than anything else in the world”, because it ,”gives
women a freedom and self-reliance.”
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Tennis was also a sport that was popular.
The modern version of the sport originated in
England in 1873. A yeah after that America saw
its first Tennis match.
Brand names in food products were now made.
Brands like Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola along
with Hershey's were all recognizable brands.
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During this time sports like baseball and boxing
became very popular.
John L. Sullivan was the first great heavyweight
boxer.
Baseball was popular when a group of New
Yorkers sat down and came to an agreement on a
set of rules for the sport.
This led to the formation of teams and eventually a
professional team called the Cincinnati Red
Stockings that toured the country.
Many other teams followed this idea which led to
the formation of the National League in 1876 and
the American League in 1903.
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African Americans that were excluded due to
discrimination from playing formed their own
leagues. The Negro National League and the
Negro American League.
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Some women stars of the time were Sarah Bernhardt an
actress from France, Lillie Langtry an actress from Great
Britain, and Jenny Lind who was a singer from Sweden.
There were three types of performances that included
serious dramas like Shakespeare. Melodramas like a hero
story , or a Vaudeville which would be like somewhat of a
comedy with song and dance.
The biggest Spectacle was the Barnum and Baileys Circus
started by P.T. Barnum and Anthony Bailey and was the
“Greatest show on Earth.
The circus had things like trapeze artists, lion tamers,
clowns, and acrobats to amuse their audiences.
African Americans were only used in exaggerated
imitations of African-American music and dance with
reinforced stereotypes of blacks.
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In the Early 20th Century live entertainment got
competition from motion pictures.
Most successful series were melodramas like an
action hero type story. One successful story
was called The Perils of Pauline.
The advantages movies had over live
entertainment is that they could be shown all
over the world at the same time and they were
relatively cheap to view.
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The two main newspapers for the times where the
New York World that was bought by Joseph
Pulitzer in 1883, and New York’s Morning Journal
which was purchased by William Randolph
Hearst.
The two papers competed and used lie tactics to
try to win the upper hand.
There were tales of scandals cruelty and
hypnotism to gain control of the market.
The two papers also contributed their ideas to
make a large Sunday paper, to add comics and
even have a sports section.
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Cleveland had the nations first shopping center in
1890.
Shopping centers were a place where you can
enjoy shopping for a variety of items while
enjoying music or some form of entertainment.
Marshall Field pioneered the concept of a
department store.
He had the motto of “give the lady what she
wants”
This motto allowed woman to take something
home and return it if it was not satisfactory.
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The chain store idea was started by F.W. Woolworth when
he found out if he offered an item at a very low price,” the
consumer would purchase it on the spur of the moment.”
He created a store where he charged only a nickel or a dime
for everything in the store and called it the five-and-ten-cent
store
Advertising was also a very big boom during the turn of the
century.
Mail-order catalogs from Montgomery Ward and Sears and
Roebuck brought department store purchases to farmers
and residents of small towns
Rural Free Delivery system was used to deliver packages
directly to every home. In 1913 the initiation of parcel post
made it possible to send a 50 pound package from Chicago
to anywhere else in the country.
1.) Eight hours for what we will
2.) Cincinnati Red Stockings
3.)Barnum and Bailey’s Circus
4.)Cleveland
5.)New York Morning Journal, New York World