Transcript Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914
Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914
From Realism to Dada
Key Questions, 2/19
Analyze the trends in art in the period, 1850 1914, and the extent to which they challenged traditional ideas of aesthetics.
How do the artistic and cultural trends illustrate the “mood” prior to WWI?
REALISM
Gross Clinic by Eakins
Response to Romanticism Dominant style circa 1850-1875 Focus on life as it is really lived—”warts and all” Connection to problems of industry, urbanization, mass politics Connection to literature, science, medicine
The Sower by Millet
REALISM: THE WORKING CLASS
Jean-Francois Millet (1815-74)
Honore Daumier (1808-79)
Gustave Courbet (1819-77
)
Third Class Carriage by Daumier
The Stonebreakers by Courbet
The Gleaners by Millet
PHOTOGRAPHER – CHANGING REPRESENTATIONS
Photography developed in the middle of 19 th c.
Changed task of painter from chronicler and representation to imagination, abstraction Photojournalism to highlight social problems Jacob Riis—Dutch American Riis – Tenement home
Jacob Riis
Jacob Riis
Rebel Sharpshooter Gardner by Alexander
SCULPTURE
Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)
Most famous for “The Thinker”
Sought to imitate impressionists with effect of light and shade Rodin – Man with Broken Nose
Rodin’s – The Thinker
TRANSITION
Eduard Manet and James Whistler Move toward abstraction Ruskin case and role of critics Challenge to traditional aesthetic motifs Move away from shadowing Manet’s The Fifer
Nocturne in Gold and Blue: Falling Rocket by Whistler
IMPRESSIONISM
Influence of photography Interest in light, shadow Focus on everyday life—street scenes, still lives, parks, etc.
Interest in how objects change in light over time Exhibited their works together Cassatt’s Mother and Child
CLAUDE MONET (1840-1926)
Named the movement
Focus on subtle nuances of color and light
Famous for haystacks, water lilies, Notre Dame Cathedral
Monet’s Haystack
Monet’s Water Lilies
Monet’s Water Lilies
Monet’s Boaters
OTHER IMPRESSIONISTS
Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) Edgar Degas (1834-1917) Mary Cassatt (1844 1926)— American
Renoir’s The Boater’s Party
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Toulouse-Lautrec’s At the Moulin Rouge
More interested in form and structure than Impressionists Focus on broad fields of color Beginnings of movement away from clear and distinct representation Van Gogh, Seurat (1859-91) Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 1901) Pointillism—related
Saturday Afternoon by Seurat
VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-90)
Began in realist style Sold only 1 painting in his lifetime Famous for swirling, passionate brushstrokes Used yellow (ran out), influenced by Japanese art Difficulty with others Suicide (archetype of “tortured artist”) Billiards by Van Gogh
Sunflowers by Van Gogh
Self-Portrait Gogh by Van
Starry Night by Van Gogh
The Scream by Munch
EXPRESSIONISM
More interested in breaking bonds of previous traditions Abstraction and subjective experiences 1905 Fauvist Exhibit Henri Matisse (1869 1954), Paul Cezanne (1839-1906), Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), James Ensor (1860-1949), Edvard Munch 1863-1944)
Woman with the Green Stripe by Matisse
USE OF COLOR
SUBJECTIVITY AND ABSTRACTION
CUBISM
Influence of relativity theory Looking at objects from multiple perspectives Sense of time as not absolute Founders: Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Georges Braque (1882 1963) Braque
Braque Untitled
Braque Untitled
PICASSO (ONE OF TWO PAINTERS THE
100
)
Picasso’s Blue Dove
Picasso’s Poet
Picasso Self Portrait
Picasso’s Loki
FUTURISM
Interest in science and technology Critical of traditional artistic motifs— religious scenes, nudes, history, etc.
Issued manifestoes that called for change, by destruction if necessary Died out after World War I Umberto Boccioni
Dynamism of a Cyclist by Boccioni
Duchamp
DADAISM
Anti-art movement on eve of WWI Name refers to meaningless childish babble Questions traditional bases of art Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) founder
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Sullivan’s Carson Pierre Scott Building
“Form follows function” Focus less on ornamentation, more on building reflecting its use “A box with windows” New building materials— steel and reinforced concrete Louis Sullivan (1856-1924) and Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959)—Prairie Style
Sullivan’s Wainwright Building
Frank Lloyd Wright – Oak Park, Illinois
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Roby House Hyde Park, Chicago