Transcript Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

Chapter 15
Manifest Destiny and the
Growing Nation
Introduction
 Americans took land by Manifest
Destiny
 Expanding your land as far as you
can
Louisiana Purchase
 Across the Mississippi lay the unexplored
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territory of Louisiana
From Canada to south of Texas
From Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains
Louisiana was owned by France
Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to use this land
for French farmers, would have closed
important ports that the U.S. needed
These ports were how the U.S got their crops
to nations across the oceans. (Cotton)
The Noble Bargain
 Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe (5th
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President) to France to buy New Orleans from them
He was offering 7.5 Million dollars
Napoleon was afraid that the farmers would rebel
and riot in his farmlands so he did not need the area
anymore
Instead of just New Orleans, Napoleon sold the
entire state of Louisiana to the U.S for 15 Million
Another reason was that France and Britain were
about to go to war and he did not want to loose the
land to them
The Purchase Debate
 The real cost of Louisiana was 2 to 3 cents
per acre
 People in the U.S. were upset…. Why?
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Big price tag
Deal tore constitution into pieces
East thought would lose power
Thought that Louisiana would divide into mini
states
 After all the discussion, Senate approved the
purchase
Florida
 Andrew Jackson invaded Florida
 Jefferson wanted to buy Florida from
Spain and they said, “No deal!!”
 Monroe sent Jackson to Florida to stop the
raids and he stopped them and took over
the state
 Spain was upset and wanted him to be
punished for his actions
“Govern or Get Out”
 John Quincy Adams told Monroe to tell
Spain that they need to govern Florida or
get out of there!
 In 1819, Spain gave Florida to the U.S.
because they did not want to have a war
with them.
 In return, the U.S gave Spain 5 Million
Dollars
 U.S still let Spain control Texas
Questions
 What was Manifest Destiny?
 Who owned Louisiana?
 Why did the US want to purchase
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Louisiana?
How much did we buy Louisiana for?
Why were citizens upset by the Louisiana
Purchase?
Who owned Florida?
How did we get Florida?
Texas
 Texas was a great area for cotton farming
 Southerners wanted Texas so they could
make more money
Americans came to Texas
 Stephen Austin owned land in Texas and
he invited 297 American farmers to live on
his land
 This was called the “Old Three hundred”
Rising Tensions
 In Nine years population of Americans in
Texas went from approx 300 to 25,000
 This caused tensions to rise between
Americans and Mexicans
 American Complaints:
 They wanted to govern themselves
 All government documents were in Spanish
 There was no Slavery allowed in Texas
Mexican Complaints
 Americans came illegally to Texas
 Americans had no respect for their
culture
 Americans had no intensions in
becoming Mexican citizens
Texans Rebel
 Americans wanted Texas as an
independent Nation and rebelled because
of it
 Mexico’s governments was very mad
 Santa Anna (Mexican war leader) declared
war on the U.S citizens in Texas
 He went to war bringing with him 6,000
troops
The Alamo
 San Antonio, Texas is where the first battle took
place in this war
 The first battle was 6,000 Mexican soldiers vs.
180 Texan Volunteers
 The Texans were outnumbered so they hid out in
an old Mexican Mission named The Alamo
 Key Texans in this battle:
 Davy Crockett
 William Travis
 James Bowie
 Santa Anna surrounded The Alamo
 For 12 days, the Mexican Army pounded
on the outside of the mission
 The 13th day Santa Anna stormed in and
killed all of the men inside
 The Battle lasted only 90 minutes
 Texans were mad and wanted revenge
Texas Wins its Independence
 Sam Houston wanted to fight Santa Anna
and gain Texas’ independence
 Houston got Santa Anna in the middle of
Texas away from his supplies and
attacked him and his army as they slept
 As they attacked he shouted out the
famous words: “Remember the Alamo”
 After the battle was over Texas won its
independence
To Annex Texas or Not
 Texas stayed independent for 10 years
after the war
 Congress finally decided that they would
annex Texas
 to add a territory to an established country
 Texas became the 28th State in America
Questions
 Why did the southerners want Texas?
 What was the “Old Three Hundred?”
 What were the American complaints about
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Texas?
What were the Mexican complaints about
Texas?
What was the Alamo?
Who were the three key Texans in the battle?
What did Sam Houston yell during the battle?
What does annex mean?
What number state is Texas?
Oregon Country
 Claimed by four nations: Russia, Spain,
Great Britain, and the US
 Spain and Russia dropped out
 Great Britain and US agreed to a peaceful
“joint occupation”
Discovering Oregon
 Lewis and Clark Expedition, too rugged for
ordinary travelers
 Jedediah Smith found better route called
South Pass through the Rocky Mountains
Oregon Forever
 First to travel South Pass were
missionaries who made few converts
(accept a new religion)
 Oregon – “Pioneers Paradise”
 Many settlers came for a fresh start
 Oregon Fever
All of Oregon or Half?
 Polk won election because of slogans
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about Oregon
“All of Oregon or none!”
“Fifty-four forty or fight!”
Didn’t want war with Britain so divided
Oregon in half at 49th parallel
US and Britain settled without spilling a
drop of blood
Questions
 What four nations claimed Oregon?
 Which two nations ended up sharing the
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land?
Who went on an expedition to Oregon that
was too rough for ordinary travelers?
Who found a better route to Oregon? What
was it called?
Who were the first to travel to Oregon? Why?
What was the outcome on who received the
land in Oregon?
War with Mexico
 Polk – wanted to expand the US as far as
he could
 Purchase or by force take California and
New Mexico
 Mexican territories that were neglected
 Mexican officials refused Polk’s proposal
to buy the land
War Breaks Out in Texas
 Annexation of Texas act of war to Mexico
 They couldn’t agree on a border for Texas
 Congress declared war on Mexico after
firing on American Troops
 Mexico thought we were greedy
Fall of New Mexico and California
 General Stephen Kearny led Army from
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Kansas
Americans took control of New Mexico
without firing a shot
John C. Fremont launched rebellion in CA
Arrested and jailed Mexican commander
Raised a flag showing a grizzly bear
drawn with juice
Bear Flag Republic
United States Invades Mexico
 Troops led by Zachary Taylor
 “Old Rough and Ready”
 Stopped by Santa Anna, but retreated
from Northern Mexico
 General Winfield Scott led troops in
southern Mexico
 “Old Fuss and Feathers”
 Captured Mexico City
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 Mexico gave up Texas or half their
territory, which included CA and NM
 Mexican Cession
 US had to pay them $15 million and
protect Mexicans living there still
 Some opposed the treaty:
 No right to take Mexican territory other than
Texas should return the land
 Wanted even more land
“From Sea to Shining Sea”
 James Gadsden purchased a strip of land
south of the Mexican Cession for $10
million
 Gadsden Purchase
 Bully or invade was dark side to Manifest
Destiny
Questions
 Which two territories did Polk want from Mexico?
 Why did Congress declare war on Mexico?
 How did California become known as the Bear
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Flag Republic?
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Why did some senators oppose the treaty?
What purchase resulted in the nation stretching
“from sea to shining sea?”
What was the dark side of Manifest Destiny?