Transcript Maintaining a Healthy Weight

Unit 5, Lesson 29
National Health Standards1.5, 1.7, 3.4
 Desirable
weight - weight healthful for a
person
 Body composition – percentage of fat
tissue and lean tissue in the body
 Factors
determining a desirable weight
include: age, height, gender, body frame,
basal metabolic rate, and activity level
 Body frame – approximate weight and
density of the bone structure
• Thickness and size of bones differ with each
person
 Basal
metabolic rate (BMR) – the number
of calories the body uses at rest
 Calorie – unit of energy produced by
food and used by the body
 Physical activity increases BMR
 Body
composition – 2 types of body fat
• Essential body fat
 Amount of fat needed for optimal health
• Adipose tissue
 Fat that accumulates around internal organs, within
muscles, and under skin
 The amount of adipose tissue increases chances of
cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis
 Healthful
amount of body fat for teen
males is about 11 – 17%
 Healthful amount of body fat for teen
females is about 16 – 24%
 Calorie expenditure – number of calories
used for BMR, digestion, and physical
activity
 To
gain weight, one must take in more
calories than are expended
 To lose weight, one must taken in fewer
calories than are needed for calorie
expenditure
 Energy
equivalent of one pound is 3,500
calories
 Underweight means a person is 10% or
more below desirable body weight
 Overweight means a person is 10% or
more than desirable weight
 Obese is being 20% or more than
desirable body weight
 Diet
in which beverages are substituted
for some or all meals
 Must be under medical care
 Quick, weight-loss
strategy that is
popular for a short time
 Cabbage and grapefruit diets are
examples
 May work while these are the only foods
eaten, but usually when returning to
regular diet, gain more weight
 FDA
has approved medications for
obesity
 Anorectic drug – decreases appetite
 Severe
restriction of calories
 Are dangerous
 Not enough blood glucose to provide
energy
 Body relies on stored fat for energy
 High
amount of fat is released into the
blood
 Fat ketosis – condition in which excessive
ketones are released into the blood
 Symptoms
include: “fruity-smelling”
breath, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting,
and abdominal pain
 Confusion, unconsciousness, and death
can occur
 Over-the-counter
pills
• Claim to suppress appetite
• Claim to fill the stomach and curb hunger
• Are dangerous, addictive, and ineffective
• Side effects – headaches, heart palpitations,
dizziness, nervousness, drowsiness, rapid pulse
rate, and sleeplessness, malnutrition
 Laxatives
and diuretics
• Laxative – drug that helps a person have a bowel
movement
• Diuretic – product that helps a person increase
urine output
 Condition
in which a person has a
compelling need to starve, to binge, or to
binge and purge
 Binge – eat a lot of food in a small amount
of time
 Purge
– rid the body of the food by
vomiting or using laxatives
 Are addictions
 Body image – perception one has of one’s
body
 Uncomfortable
with secondary sex
characteristics
 Perfectionism
 Need to control
 Unable to express emotions
 Eating
disorder in which a person starves
themselves and weighs 15% or more
below desirable weight
 May exercise to extreme
 Is life threatening
 Obsessed
with being thin
 Obsessed with being perfect
 Treatment – team of professionals create
a plan to deal with physical, emotional,
and mental problems
 Binging
and purging
 Far more common than anorexia
 Obsessed with body shape and size
 Have a negative body image
 Know they have a problem and feel guilty
and ashamed, but unable to change
behavior
 Symptoms: dissolving
tooth enamel, tooth
decay, sore gums, enlarged salivary
glands, and swollen cheeks, severe water
loss, increase in blood pressure, damage
to the colon, heart, and kidneys, impaired
bowel function
 Treatment
– team of professionals who
deal with physical and emotional health
problems
 An
eating disorder in which a person
cannot control eating and eat excessive
amounts
 Diagnosis made when a person binges 2
or more times per week for 6 months
 More common in females
 Turn
to food for coping
 Need medical and psychological help
 More common in people who are
severely obese
 Lack self-respect, negative self-esteem,
negative body image, and frequent bouts
of depression
 Treatment
– team of professionals who
deal with physical and emotional
problems