Transcript Introduction to Psychology Lecture 1

Introduction to Psychophysiology
Lecture 1- introduction to introduction
An year long voyage in Psychophysiology:
 Prof. Matti Mintz
 Ori Tal, M.A.
 Carlson the 6th edition (Hebrew version by the Open
University)
 CD ‫יסודות ביולוגיים של התנהגות‬
 The web
 English
 You… the active student
‫היחסים בין מורה לתלמיד‬
‫על פי ואלפולה ראהולה‪" :‬מה שלימד הבודהה"‬
‫על התלמיד לכבד את מורהו‪ ,‬לדאוג לצרכיו במידת הצורך‬
‫וללמוד ברצינות‪.‬‬
‫על המורה מצידו לאמן ולעצב את תלמידו בדרך הנכונה‪,‬‬
‫ללמדו היטב‪ ,‬להציג אותו בפני חבריו ולנסות ולהשיג‬
‫עבורו בטחון ותעסוקה‪ ,‬כאשר יסתיים חינוכו‪.‬‬
Future of Psychology
Semester A: the brain, how it looks and how it
works.
Semester B: specific behavioral expressions of
the brain.
Little we know about the future of psychology.
Future has several implications concerning
your education plans.
Science moves to……..?
 Decade of the brain is over: Many details
but no general rules discovered.
 Decade of the genomic: sequence
discovered but what is the function?
 Decade of the behavior: oh God, would it
really happen?
Why decade of behavior?
Behavior is the highest organizing rule of:
Genes: survival is the great selector.22.10.06
Brain: action extracts function from structure.
Society: relations define the structure of the
society.
Evolution: dreams of advance define
acceleration of evolution.
Future of Ψ in relation to biology (1)
Classical question in Ψ: the nature of consciousness.
Consciousness and Neuroscience
Francis Crick
The Salk Institute
Christof Koch
Computation and Neural Systems Program
California Institute of Technology
Do you see psychologists involved ????
Future of Ψ in relation to biology (2)
We’re looking for very
specific neuronal
properties, not the
collective activity of the
entire brain (Koch).
Rene Magritte
Future of Ψ in relation to biology (3)
Caltech physical biochemist
raises consciousness research
to respectability
(Did he ever took Introductory
course in Psychology ???)
Future of Ψ in relation to genetics (1)
New genes are discovered daily:
 Weinberger (2002) – mutation of 5-HT transporter
predisposes to anxiety:
 Heterozygote? Homozygote? Dominant?
 Selective for 5-HT transporter or for all
monoamines?
Phenotype demonstrated by fMRI?
 Psychology graduate: how the hell it is related to
anxiety????
Future of Ψ in relation to genetics (2)
40
35
# of entrées to Dark
The headbanger
mutant mice has
vestibular
phenotype.
Is it related to
anxiety?
30
25
Hdb
20
wild-type
15
10
5
0
1
2
months
3
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (1)
Virtual Reality:
Psychological
treatment.
fMRI context.
Presence.
What is presence
????
The virtual cave
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (2)
VR is now used in
psychological therapy.
Most research on this
subject is related to the
concept of presence.
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (3)
Computer games treat phobias
Therapists seek virtual reality products under $50 By
Kristen Gerencher,
SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW): When it comes to
treating exaggerated fears that interfere with daily
life, more mental health experts are turning to PCs for
help in getting patients back on track.
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (4)
Kevin Kellay, Essays in Science and Society. Science, 1998.
 Western culture has pivoted around the arts; books, music,
or painting ‘culture’. Film directors are cool….
 Culture of Science has traditionally accepted the smartest
students ….Scientists are cool….
 Recently a third culture emerged, call it Nerd culture.
Technology is their culture, and Nerds became cool.
 Artists would contemplate and abstract about the mind
 Scientists would measure and test the mind.
 Nerds would manufacture one!!!! Nerds settle the Q’n of
how the mind works by building a working mind. 29/10/06
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (5)
Intelligent autonomous companions
Rodney A. Brooks- MIT
Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (6)
ADA: The Intelligent Space
Project for Expo’02, Neuchâtel
 Behaves as an artificial creature.
 Interacts with visitors autonomously.
 Controlled by neuromorphic technology.
 Shows our understanding of the brain.
ADA: the smart space
A day in the life of ADA
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (7)
Future of Ψ in relation to technology (8)
Human – machine
hybrid.
Is it possible?
Ask Kurzweil…
Future of Ψ in relation to computation (1)
Cerebellar anatomy
Ghez & Tach, 2000
Future of Ψ in relation to computation (2)
Cerebellar
simulation
Memory/Learning
Sensors/Preprocessing
(Working environment
IQR421)
Output
Behavior
Output
Emotions
Reactive robot
Learning-adaptive robot
Future of Ψ in relation to evolution
Control of behavior by:
 Over and under expression of genes.
 Insertion of genes.
 Localized expression of genes in the brain.
 Cultural evolution through ‘mems’.
Future of Ψ in relation to neurology and
psychiatry
 Would psychology survive the advances in
psychiatry?
 Would psychiatry survive the advances in neurology?
Neurology vs. psychiatry: somatic vs. metal health
Somatic (Greek – soma) health refers to functions of the
brain such as such as sensation (5 senses), movement,
and sensory motor interactions (balance). Somatic
conditions are treated by neurologists. For example, a
stroke causes a lesion in the brain that may produce
disturbances of movement, such as paralysis of limbs.
Mental health refers to the successful performance in
terms of thought, mood, and behavior. Mental disorders
are those health conditions in which alterations in
mental functions are paramount. When a stroke mainly
produces alterations of thought, mood, or behavior, it is
considered a mental condition (e.g., dementia).5/11/06
Future of biological psychiatry
PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS IN THE DAWNING ERA OF
MOLECULAR MEDICINE ( Eric D. Caine, M.D.).
Psychiatry depends upon "syndromology" (DSM-IV) as
their primary means for establishing diagnostic
constructs. This approach has had obvious therapeutic
utility but was useless for discerning the pathobiological
substrates of psychiatric disease.
Medicine now is in the midst of a revolution involving
genetics and molecular biology. It is time to consider
how we establish environmental and biological
"causation" in psychiatry while taking in account
disparate culture, social, psychological, and biological
data.
Education of a modern psychologist; clinical and
otherwise (social, cognitive, experimental…)
Think 10 yrs ahead….it’s 2016
 Where are you working???
 What are you doing there ???
 Are you in the main stream ???
Daily life, science and introduction to
psychophysiology
In Dualism (Descartes) we believe at home: we react
according to body rules but have also free-will mind.
In Monism we believe at the laboratory: somatic rules
can create any kind of behavior.
Explanation in psychophysiology
 Generalization (‫ )הכללה‬in psychology.
 Reductionism (‫ )העמדה‬in biology.
 Generalization & reductionism in
psychobiology.
What is it?
Explanation by reductionism
What is it?
Explanation by generalization
We will use reductionism and generalization
Barcelona Mannequin
Salvador Dali , 1926
The end