Transcript CHAPTER 7 Section 1 Terms, People, and Places

CHAPTER 22
SECTION 1
TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
• Otto von Bismarck
• Chancellor
• Realpolitik
• Annex
• Kaiser
• Reich
Otto von Bismarck – Chancellor of Germany who
delivered the “blood and iron” speech in 1862 setting
the tone for his future policies. He was determined to
build a strong, unified German state, with Prussia at its
head.
Chancellor – The highest official of a monarch, prime
minister.
Realpolitik – Realistic politics based on the needs of the
state.
Annex – Add a territory to an existing state or country.
Kaiser – Emperor of Germany
Reich – German Empire
CHAPTER 22
SECTION 2
TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
• Kulturkampf
• William II
• Social Welfare
Kulturkampf – Bismarck’s “battle for civilization,”
intended to make Catholics put loyalty to the state
above their allegiance to the Church.
William II – In 1888 he succeeded his grandfather as
kaiser. Confident in his abilities and wished to put
his own stamp on Germany. In 1890, he shocked
Europe by asking the dominating Bismarck to
resign.
Social Welfare – Programs to help certain groups of
people.
CHAPTER 21
SECTION 3
TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
• Camillo Cavour
• Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Anarchist
• Emigration
Camillo Cavour – In Germany, unification was
brought about by the efforts of a strong state and
furthered by this shrewd ruthless politician, Count
Camillo Cavour. Became Prime Minister in 1852.
He was a monarchist who believed in Realpolitik.
Giuseppe Garibaldi – A longtime nationalist and an
ally of Mazzini. Wanted to create an Italian republic.
By 1860, he recruited a force of 1,000 red-shirted
volunteers. They won control of Sicily quickly.
Anarchist – Someone who wants to abolish all
government.
Emigration – Movement away from one’s homeland.
CHAPTER 21
SECTION 4
TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
• Francis Joseph
• Ferenc Deak
• Dual Monarchy
Francis Joseph – inherited the Hapsburg throne at
the age of 18. He ruled until 1916, presiding over the
empire during its fading days into WWI.
Ferenc Deak – A moderate Hungarian leader who
helped work out a compromise that created a new
political power known as the Dual Monarchy of
Austria-Hungary.
Dual Monarchy – The Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
CHAPTER 21
SECTION 5
TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
• Colossus
• Alexander II
• Crimean War
• Emancipation
• Zemstvo
• Pogrom
• Refugees
• Duma
• Peter Stolypin
Colossus – Giant
Alexander II – Came to throne in 1855 during the
Crimean War. His reign represents the pattern of reform
and repression used by his father and grandfather,
Alexander I and Nicholas I.
Crimean War – War fought mainly on the Crimean
Peninsula between the Russians and the British, French,
and Turks from 1853-1856.
Emancipation – Granting of freedom to serfs or slaves.
Zemstvos – Local elected assembly set up in Russia
under Alexander II.
Pogrom – Violent attack on a Jewish Community.
Refugees – A person who flees from home or country to
seek refuge elsewhere, often because of political
upheaval or famine.
Duma – Elected national legislature in Russia.
Peter Stolypin – In 1906 was appointed prime minister.
Arrests, pogroms, and executions followed as the
conservative sought to restore order. He soon realized
that Russia needed reform, not just repression. He
strengthened the zemstvos and improved education. To
regain peasant support, he introduced moderate land
reforms. Unfortunately, these reforms were too limited to
meet the broad needs of most Russians, and
dissatisfaction still simmered. He was assassinated in
1911.