Transcript What is a breed?

What is a breed?
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The classic definition of a "breed" is
usually stated as a variation of this
statement.
Animals that, through selection and
breeding, have come to resemble one
another and pass those traits uniformly to
their offspring.
What is a breed?
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Unfortunately this definition leaves some
unanswered questions. For example, when is a
crossbred animal considered a composite breed
and when do we stop thinking about them as
composites?
Composite crossbreeding is accomplished by
developing a new breed composed of other
existing breeds. Once constructed, the composite
breed can be mated like a conventional (straight)
breed.
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The development of the breeds takes different
routes also. In some breeds you can see the
amount of change that can occur as the result of
selection for a small number of traits. As an
example, Holstein cattle have been selected
primarily for milk production and are the highest
milk producing cattle in the world. Other breeds
have traits that result from natural selection*
pressure based upon the environment in which
they were developed. An example of this might
be the N’dama cattle from west Africa. These
animals have, through the centuries, developed a
resistance to trypanosomiasis or sleeping
sickness spread by the tse-tse fly, which is fatal
to most other breeds of cattle.
Classification and Identification
of Beef Cattle Breeds
Black Angus
Charolais
Brahman
Hereford
OBJECTIVES
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To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos
taurus or Bos indicus .
To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into British,
European.
To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of
Certain Composite Breeds.
To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.
Classification Why do we Need It
We classify everything. Example
Automobiles
 We Break them down into Cars and
Trucks, How can we break them down
even further.
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Classification Of Automobiles
Automobiles
Cars
American Made
Suv's
Imorts
Trucks
CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF
CATTLE
Beef Cattle
BOS TAURUS
British
EUROPEAN
BOS TAURUS / INDICUS
BOS INDICUS
F1 Cross
ZEBU
BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF
CATTLE
Hereford
 Polled Herefords
 Black Angus
 Red Angus
 Devon
 Shorthorn
 Red Poll
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EUROPEAN BREEDS OF BEEF
CATTLE
Simmental
 Limousin
 Maine-Anjou
 Salers
 Charolais
 Piedmontese
 Blonde d’Aquitaine
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ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF
CATTLE
Grey Brahman
 Nellore
 Indo Brazilian
 Red Brahman
 Africander
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COMPOSITE BREEDS OF
CATTLE
Brangus
(RED & BLACK)
 Beefmasters
Beefmaker
 Simbrah
Braford
 Bramousin
Santa Gertrudis
 American
7 Way Composite
 Salorn
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HYBRID-VIGOR
BENEFITS
More Climate variable
 Increased Growth Rate
 Increased Vigor and Fertility
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Bos taurus
BEEF BREEDS
BRITISH /
EUROPEAN
Hereford
• Originated in England
• Red with white points
• Horned usually
• Known for pink eye
Bos Taurus / British Breed
Classification
Black Angus
• Native to Angus (near Scotland)
•Came to U.S. in 1873
• Most popular beef breed in the US
• Always black in color
• Can produce Red Angus
Bos Taurus / British Breed
Classification
• Known for Marbling Ability
•No.1 in numbers of registered
animals
•Always polled
•There is a Red Angus breed
Red Angus
• Originated in the British
Isles
• Same as Black Angus
• Barred from Angus
herdbook
• Recognized as separate
breed
•Were registered with Black
Angus herdbooks until 1917
Bos Taurus / British Breed
Classification
•Red Angus Assoc. of
America formed in 1954
Texas Longhorn
•Developed from Spanish
cattle, brought to new world by
Columbus
•Roamed free in the southwest
until after the Civil War
•Was replaced by new breeds
in 1880s
•Various colors
• Almost went extinct
Bos Taurus / British Breed
Classification
• Known for Low Birth Weights
and Calving ease for Heifers
•Numbers are increasing
Red Poll
• Developed in England
• Primarily used for meat in US
• Milk production in other countries
• Dark red and polled
Bos Taurus / British Breed
Classification
Shorthorn
Bos Taurus / British Breed
Classification
• Originated in England
• White to red in color
• Roane Color, very popular for
show heifers.
Devon
• Originated in England
• Also called North Devon
• One of the oldest beef breeds
• At one time used for milk
• Mature cows weigh 950-1300 lbs.
Bos Taurus / British Breed
Classification
Limousin
• Native to South-Central France
• Golden-red to red-brown in color
Bos Taurus European
Breed Classification
Simmental
• First recorded in Switzerland
• Large body mass
• Light red to dark red with white points
• Known for Maternal Characteristics
Bos Taurus / European Breed
Classification
Charolais
•Originated
from France
•White in color
•Mature bulls weigh 20002500+lbs
•Mature Females weigh
1250-2000
•Known for Size and
Muscle
Bos taurus/European-Breed
Classification
Chianina
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Developed in Italy
Came to U.S. in 1971
Used in crossbreeding programs
They have black skin
and white hair
Largest breed of
cattle. Cows up to
2400 lbs.
Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
Wagyu
• All Japanese cattle
• Various colors
• Consists of many Japanese breeds
• Known for Marbling in the Meat
Bos Taurus / European
Breed Classification
Piedmontese
• Originated in Italy
• Double muscled breed
• Light to dark gray in color
Bos Taurus / European
Breed Classification
Blonde d’Aquitaine
• Originated in France
• Blonde color
• Known for Heavy Muscle
Bos Taurus / European
Breed Classification
Salers
• Native to France
• Milk production important in Europe
• Red to brown in color
•Known for some Carcass Merit
Bos Taurus / European
Breed Classification
Tarentaise
• Originated in France
• Used for milk in Europe
• Red color
Bos Taurus / European Breed
Classification
Maine-Anjou
• Originated in France
• Mature bulls weigh 2100-3000 lbs.
• Mature cows weigh 1500-1900 lbs.
• Dark red with white markings
Bos Taurus / European
Breed Classification
BOS INDICUS
BEEF BREEDS
ZEBU
Brahman
•Developed in U.S. between
1854-1926
•Brood stock came from India
•Used in cross-breeding
programs
•Large hump on back and loose
skin
•They have a high heat tolerance
• Light gray or red to black
•Known for Mothering Ability
Bos Indicus Classification
Red Brahman
• Heat and Insect
Resistant
• Mothering Ability
Bos Indicus Classification
Nelore
•Known form having smaller
ears and cleaner lines than
other zebu breeds.
•Biggest populations in
South America.
•Heat and Insect tolerant
Bos Indicus Classification
Indo Brazilian
• Known for Large Ears
• Heaviest Populations in
South America
• High in Maternal Attributes
Bos Indicus Classification
Africander
• Native to South Africa
• Usually red with long horns
• Used for meat and as a draft animal
• Mature cows weigh 1150-1350 lbs.
• Mature bulls weigh 1650-2200 lbs.
Bos Indicus Classification
Composite Beef Cattle Breeds
American
• Developed in New Mexico
• Official breed conformation• 1/2 Brahman
• 1/8 Bison
• 1/4 Charolais
• 1/16 Hereford
• 1/16 Shorthorn
• Composite Breed Classification
Brangus
• Originated in the United States
• 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus
•Solid black
• Polled
Composite Breed Classification
Bramousin
• Originated in the United States
• Golden to red in color
• 5/8 Limousin, 3/8 Brahman
Composite Breed
Classification
Braford
• Developed in Florida
• 3/8 Brahman, 5/8Hereford
•Red with white points
Composite Breed Classification
Simbrah
• Originated in the United States
• Brahman and Simmental breeds used
• Light to dark red with some white marks
Composite Breed
Classification
Beefmaker
• Originated in the United States
• 3/4 Hereford, 1/4 Simmental
• Red with white points
Composite Breed Classification
Beefmaster
• Originated in the United States
• Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn
• Composite Breed Classification
Salorn
• Developed in the United States
• 5/8 Salers. 3/8 Texas Longhorn
• Lean meat
• Environmentally adaptable
Composite Breed Classification
Texon
• Originated in the United States
• Texas Longhorn and Devon breeds used
Composite Breed Classification
Santa Gertrudis
*Originated at the King
Ranch in Texas
*Made up of Brahman,
Hereford, and Shorthorn
Breeds
*Known for Heat tolerance
Composite Breed Classification
Review Of Beef Cattle Classification
Cattle are Classified into Two Groups
 The Bos Taurus Classification includes
what two Groups.
 What are some Composite Breeds and
what are their makeup.
 What are some Breeds Attributes.
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Resources
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www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/