Transcript 幻灯片 1

Unit2
English Around
the World
1. native
adj. 本土的,本国的,土生的 (+to)
The giant panda is native to China.
大熊猫是中国特有的动物。
She was native to Taipei.
她原籍台北。
n. 本地人,本国人
Are you a native here, or just a visitor?
你是本地人， 或者只是游客?
1. come up走近，到来；被提出
While we were talking，a stranger came
up to us and asked for some money．
我们在交谈时，一个陌生人走近我们，
向我们要钱。
The problem came up at the meeting
yesterday．
这个问题昨天在会上被提出来了。
come up vi 走近；升起来；被提出
(1)He came up and said hello to us. 走近
上升
(2)We watched the sun come up.
被提出
(3)The question came up at the meeting.
(4)The roses are just beginning to come up. 发芽，长出
拓展：
发生
(1)Can you tell me how the accident came about?_____
偶然遇到
(2)I came across my old classmate in the street.______
快点
(3)Come on! We’ll be late!________
发表，出版
(4)The author’s new book just came out.________
实现
(5)My dream has at last come true._______
想出，发现
(6)The doctor came up with a cure for the disease._____
过来
(7)Linda came over from Britain to see us.________
2.base
Her conclusion is based on
基础；基地；根基
(1) n.___________________
scientific research．
Eg: Our company’s base is in beijing.
她的结论是建立在科学研究的
建于…之上；以…为基础
(2) vt. ____________________
基础上的。
用法：base A on B
A以B为基础
被动
A be based on B
A建于B基础之上
Eg: (1)One should always base his opinion on facts.
被动 One’s opinion should always be based on facts.
(2)----What are you mailing, Linda?
-----A textbook_____a new method of teaching physics. I
want my friend to take a look at it.
A.is based on
B.based on C.basing on D.which
based upon
3．latter adj．较后的，后面的，
(两者中) 后者的
I find it hard to understand the latter part
of his lecture．
我发现他的讲座后面部分很难理解。
Did he walk or swim across the river?The
latter seems unlikely．
他是趟过河，还是游过河?后者似乎不可
能。
【辨析】late，later, latter, lately
1)late是形容词，表示“迟到的，晚的”。
如：
You are late again! 你又迟到了。
2)later可作形容词，是late的比较级，意
为“更迟的，更后的”；也可作副词，
意为“稍后，随后”，常与on连用。如：
We will discuss this in detail later.
我们将在以后对这一点作详细的探讨。
I'll tell you later. 我以后再告诉你。
3)latter最常用的含义是“两者中的(后者)”，
常与the连用，固定搭配“the former…，
the latter…”。如：
Here are Tom and David; the latter is my
brother.
这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。
4)lately是副词，意为“近来，最近
recently”。如：
Have you been to Beijing lately?
你最近去过北京吗?
【经典例题】
Did he go there by bike or on foot? The
______ seems unlikely.
A latter
B late
C later
D lately
【答案】A
2. at present现在，目前
Mother is busy preparing dinner at present．
妈妈现在正忙着做饭。
I can’t get in touch with him at present．
我现在无法和他取得联系。
【联想】1)present n．礼物，现在；
2)adj．出席，在场，当前的，现在的
present意为 “出席，在场’’且作定语时，
置于名词、代词之后；意为“当前
的”且作定语时，置于名词之前。如：
They are making a careful study of the
present situation of the world·
他们正在仔细研究当前的世界局势。
Everyone present at the meeting was
strongly against the decision·
参加会议的每个人都强烈反对这项决定。
3) vt. 赠送,呈献(with)
They presented him with a bunch of
flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花
4)presence n．在场，出席
I was surprised by the presence of so
many people at the meeting.
这么多人出席会议使我感到吃惊。
【经典例题】
All the people ________ at the party were
his supporters.(2002北京)
A.present
B. thankful
C. interested
D. important
【答案】 A
make use of 利用
【用法】use前可用good，full，poor,
little等词修饰。如：
As a student, you must make full use of
your spare time．
作为学生，你必须充分利用课余时间。
Make good use of every chance to
practise speaking English and your
spoken English will be better soon．
充分利用每一次练习说英语的机会，那
么，你的英语口语很快就会变好。
同义词
make use of 利用
take advantage of
好好利用
make good use of __________
make full use of/make the best of/make the
充分利用
most of _______
被动
be made use of
eg:You must make good use of any chance to
practise English.
被动
Any chance must be made good use of to practise english.
Good use must be made of any chance to practise english.
(2)The use you_______time is really practical.
A.make B.take C.make of D.take of
【经典例题】
Every minute must be made full use of
______ spoken English.
A to practise
B practicing
C practice
D practised
【答案】A
【联想】与make有关的短语
make friends with 和…交朋友
make fun of 取笑
make a decision 作出决定
make a face/faces 扮鬼脸
make progress in 在…取得进步
make a choice
make it to…
…
such as例如，诸如此类，像……这样的
Ball games such as basketball and football
are very exciting．
球类运动，如篮球和足球，都很激动人心。
【辨析】such as, for example，that is
1)such as用于列举同类人或事物中的若干
例子，但不能全部列出。如：
Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages
such as English and French．
王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语和法语。
2) for example一般只列举几类人或事物
中的‘‘一个”，其位置可在句首、句
中或句末，经常用逗号分开。如：
Mr Wang is good at several foreign
languages，for example，English．
王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语。
3）that is所列举的数量等同于所提人或
事物的总数，也需要用逗号隔开，此时
不能用such as或for example。如：
Mr Wang is good at two foreign
languages, that is，English and French.
王先生精通两门外语，即英语和法语。
Only one boy student won the first prize
in the maths contest，that is，Mike．
只有一名男生在数学竞赛中获得一等奖，
就是迈克。
【经典例题】
Many famous singers, _____ Wang Fei
and SHE, have acted in films.
A such
B for example
C that is
D such as
【答案】D
用that is，such as，for example填
that is
(1)He knows three languages，_______，
Chinese，French and English.
(2)What would you do if you met a wild
for example
animal—a lion，__________?
(3)The farmer grows various kinds of crops，
such as
_______wheat，corn，cotton and rice.
(4)Matter may be invisible；air，
__________，is this kind of the matter.
for example
5. play a part in在……中起作用，
在……中扮演角色
The computer is playing a more and
more important part in our daily life．
电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越
重要的作用。
She was unhappy because she played a
small part in the play．
她不开心是因为她在戏中扮演一个小角
色。
【联想】与play a part in意思相同的短语
有play a role in。
【经典例题】
The new economic development zone will
_____ in the development of the area.
A play a leading part
B take part
C play leading part
D take a part
【答案】A
6.a number of…意思是“一些，若干”
（= some），后接可数名词复数或代词，
谓语动词用复数形式。
a number of…词组中还可以加入形容
词表示数量大或小等（例如：
a large/small number of…许多/少
数……）。
【辨析】a number of , the number of
the number of…意思是“……的数字/数
目”，介词of同其后名词构成介词短语，
修饰the number。当它作主语时，谓语动
词用单数。例如：
Many people took part in 10,000metre race, but only a number of them
kept on running to the end. 许多人参加了
10000米跑，但只有一些人坚持跑到底。
A number of my friends think I should
take a holiday.
我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。
The number of students is about twenty.
学生人数大约是20人左右。
【经典例题】
A number of people_____ been invited
to the party, but the exact number ____
still unknown.
A has; is
B have; are
C has; are
D have; is
【答案】D
Key Sentences
1．Later in the next century, people from
England made voyages to conquer other
parts of the world and because of that，
English began to be spoken in many other
countries．后来，在下个世纪，英国人开
始航海征服世界其他地区。许多别的国家
因此而开始说英语。
(1)注意voyage是可数名词，常和make搭
配构成make a voyage to或make voyages
to，表 示“航行到……”。单数表示一次
航行。
(2)初中学过because表示“因为……”，与
because of的区别是：because是连词，后
面要跟句子，多作原因状语从句；
because of中of是介词，后面只能跟名词或
代词或ving作宾语。试比较：
Because it was raining outside，we
stayed at home．
=Because of the rain outside, we stayed at
home．
因为外面下着雨，所以我们就呆在家里。
【经典例题】
We must not lose heart only _____ the
difficulty we are faced with.
A because
B because of
C since
D as
【答案】B
2. Native English speakers can
understand each other even if they don’t
speak the same kind of English. 以英语
作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不
尽相同，也可以相互理解。
句中“even if they don’t speak the same
kind of English”是让步状语从句。如：
They will stand by you even if／though
you don’t succeed．
即使你不成功，他们也将支持你。
even if是一个连词短语，引导让步状语
从句，含义是“即使；尽管”。当让步
状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来
的假设或一般的行为习惯时，通常用
even if或even though。两者意思一样，
用法也一样。
【经典例题】_______ I fail this time, I
would try again.
A If only
B Even if
C whether
D As if
【答案】B
3．Believe it or not，there is no such thing
as standard English．信不信由你，没有标
准英语这样的东西。
1)believe it or not意为“信不信由你”，常
在句中作插入语。如：
Believe it or not，John will go abroad for
further study next month．
信不信由你，约翰下个月就要出国深造了。
【联想学习】常见的插入语有：
1)to tell you the truth实话告诉你
To tell you the truth，I'll spend my
summer vacation in Yunnan．
实话告诉你吧，我将在云南度过暑假。
2)generally speaking一般说来
Generally speaking，language learning
needs a lot of practice．
一般说来，语言的学习需要大量的实践。
3)you know／you see你知道
You see，my car broke down on the way．
你知道，我的车在途中坏了。
4) I think我认为
His coat，I think，is really strange．
他的外套，我认为，实在古怪。
【经典例题】
It is so nice to hear from her. _____, we
last met more than 30 years ago.
A What’s more
B That’s to say
C In other words D Believe it or not
【答案】D
(2)no such thing意为“没有这样的事情”。
such与no, any, all, some, another, one，
many，a few, a little等词连用时，常置于
这些词之后。如：
There is no such person in our school．
我们学校没有这样的人。
I have met many such people．我遇见过
许多这样的人。
【经典例题】
We have _____ book you are looking for.
A such no
B no such
C not such
D no such a
【答案】B
4·The USA is a large country in which
many different dialects are spoken．
美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。
in which引导定语从句修饰先行词
country，关系代词which作介词in的宾
语，in which在定语从句中作地点状语，
可用where代替。如：
The factory in which he once worked
has been dosed down．
他曾经工作过的工厂已被关闭。
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，
应根据句意与搭配的需要选择正确的介
词或短语介词。如：
He studies in the school at the back of
which there is a river.
他在背后有条河流的那所学校学习。
Can you see the new building on the top
of which flies a red flag?
你能看见到那座楼顶飘着一面红旗的新
大楼吗?
【经典例题】
①The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which
C. on which
D. by which
【答案】A
②This is the reason ______he didn't
come to the meeting.
A. in which
B. with which
C. that
D. for which
【答案】D
5. Well，go round the corner on your lefthand side-straight on and cross two
streets．
哦，在拐角处向左拐，照直向前走。穿
过两条街道。
straight adv．直接；挺直
adj．直的；笔直的；正直的
Go straight down the road and then turn
left．
沿着这条路一直走，然后左转。
He went to bed straight after supper．
他晚饭后直接去睡了。
His friend is a tall．slim girl with a
straight nose．
他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗条的
姑娘。
As you know，his uncle is a straight man．
如你所知，他的叔叔是一个正直的人。
【经典例题】
--- Lucy doesn’t have curly hair.
--- Yes, we can say she has ______ hair.
A nice
B blonde
C short
D straight
【答案】D
Grammar
直接引语和间接引语(II)
直接引语表示请求、命令、提议时，变
为间接引语看似简单，但使用起来要视
句义、功能与说话者的语气、态度选择
恰当的动词。学习时，应着重注意以下
几个方面：
1·直接引语为祈使句，若表达请求、
命令、要求、告知、鼓励等意思，在
变为间接引语时，通常将祈使句的动
词原形变成动词不定式，并视句意在
动词不定式前加上ask．tell．order,
advise，invite，warn，beg，offer,
encourage等动词，祈使句中的please
在间接引语中不再出现。如：
“Please speak English in class，’’the
teacher said to us．
→The teacher asked us to speak English in
class．
‘‘Be careful with strangers," Mr Brown
said to her．
→Mr Brown warned her to be careful with
strangers．
“Mrs Smith，let me carry the heavy box
for you，”said Mike．
→Mike offered to carry the heavy box
for Mrs Smith．
若祈使句为否定式，改为间接引语时应将
don’t改为not to或never to。如：
“Don’t forget to turn off the light，”
Mother said to Tom．
→Mother asked Tom not to forget to turn
off the light．
2·如果直接引语是表示劝告、建议的祈使
句或疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以用
suggest doing…或suggest that…结构。如：
Wang Ping said，“Let’s take a walk after
supper.”
→ Wang Ping suggested taking a walk after
supper．
或：Wang Ping suggested that we should
take a walk after supper．
“Shall we listen to the music?” he said to
me.
→He suggested listening to the music．
或：
He suggested that we should listen to the
music．
3·如果直接引语是表示请求的疑问句，
变为间接引语时，通常用“ask／advise
+sb+不定式结构”。如：
“Will you help me with my lessons?’’
Mary said to Jane．
→ Mary asked Jane to help her with her
lessons．
“Would you mind moving over a bit?”
she said to me．
→She asked me to move over a bit．
4．最后我们简单学习一下感叹句变间接引
语的方法。由what或how引导的感叹句变为
间
接引语时，可用what或how引导，也可以用
that引导。如：
“What a beautiful dress it is!” she said．
→She said what a beautiful dress it was．
或：She said that it was a beautiful dress．