Transcript Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc. Announces FishTrek 98 now

Technologies and Products For More Efficient Fisheries
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
Remote Sensing Applications in a
Fisheries GIS
Dr. Eric O. Rogers
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
-1-
Diminishing Returns
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
The Unthinkable has come to pass: The
wealth of the oceans, once deemed
inexhaustible, has proven finite, and
fish, once dubbed “the poor man’s
protein,” have become a resource
coveted - and fought over - by nations.
Michael Parfit, National Geographic, Nov. 1995
-2-
Scale of Fisheries Today
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Worldwide
– 37,000 Ships
– 12 million fishermen
– 78 million metric tons
• Bering Sea
– 56% of Total US Fishery Production
– 1.2 million metric tons of Walleye Pollock
– 1 Billion US Dollars
-3-
Bering Sea Fisheries Issues
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Diminished Resource
– Red Salmon Crash in 1997, 1998
• Marine Mammals
– 50 to 80% decline in Stellar Sea Lions since 1980
• Safety
– 146 people died from 1991 through 1996
• Bycatch
– As high as 63% in some fisheries
– 100 million dollar loss
-4-
Economic Survival
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
In order to survive economically today’s
fisherman needs to be more efficient than
his predecessors.
-5-
What do Fishermen Need to
Know
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Where the fish are
– Target Species
– Undesired and Prohibited Species
• What are the fishing conditions
–
–
–
–
Surface Winds
Sea State
Temperature
Ice
-6-
What Factors Affect Fish
Location
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Food
– Primary Productivity
• Depth
• Temperature
– Different Species prefer different temperatures
• Structure
–
–
–
–
Bathymetry
Shoreline
Temperature
Turbidity, etc.
-7-
Where are the Fish?
Static Data
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
•
•
•
•
Bathymetry
Shoreline
Snags
Historical Catch Data
-8-
Where are the Fish?
Dynamic Data
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sea Temperature
Ocean Productivity
Oceanic Fronts
Turbidity
Salinity
Sea State
Ice Conditions
•
•
•
•
Tides
Mixed Layer Depth
Weather
Direct Fish
Indicators
– Birds
– Feeding Slicks
• Ship Location
-9-
What can Satellite Data Provide
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Sea Temperature
– Sea Surface Temperature
– Buoy Temperature at 40 m
• Ocean Productivity
– Primary Productivity
(Chlorophyll)
• Ocean Fronts
–
–
–
–
Altimetry (currents)
Sea Surface Temperature
Ocean Color
Synthetic Aperture Radar
• Turbidity
– Ocean Color
• Salinity
– modeled from ice &
terrestrial outflow
• Sea State
– Significant Wave Height
– Sea Surface Winds
• Ice
– Ice Concentrations and
Indications of Thickness
- 10 -
What can Satellite Data Provide
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Tides
– Model input from
altimetry
• Mixed layer depth
– Model based on
satellite data
• Direct Fish
Indicators
– Not timely
• Weather
–
–
–
–
–
Highs and Lows
Winds
Temperature
Sea State
Precipitation
• Ship Location
– GPS
– Radarsat
- 11 -
Sea Surface Temperature
Uses
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Many species prefer a specific
temperature range
– Adult Pacific Halibut 2-8°C
– Adult Walleye Pollock 0-7°C
• Oceanic Fronts
• Upwelling
• Change over time shows current
- 12 -
Sea Surface Temperature
East Coast Example
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
- 13 -
Sea Surface Temperature
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• AVHRR
– Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer
– 1.1 km resolution
– 4 passes / day
– 5 bands from .58 to 12.5 microns
– Subject to clouds
- 14 -
Sea Surface Temperature
AVHRR
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
- 15 -
Sea Surface Temperature
AVHRR
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
Bering Sea cloud
cover is 55 to 80%.
You could expect to
wait up to 3 weeks to
get cloud free
coverage of any
given area.
Russel Page, Anchorage
NWS Ice Forecaster
- 16 -
Sea Surface Temperature
Microwave Instruments
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• TRMM
– Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
– 35°S to 35°N latitude only
• SSM/I
–
–
–
–
Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
Extracted from microwave 0.35 to 1.55 cm
about 50 km resolution
sees through clouds
- 17 -
Sea Surface Temperature
SSM/I
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
- 18 -
Sea Surface Temperature
Models
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• FNMOC - OTIS
– Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Center Optimal Thermal Interpolation System
– Runs at eddy resolving scale (° or better)
– Only 2° resolution currently released to public (1°
promised)
• MODAS
– Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System
– Developed for Navy Sonar uses
– Gives Sea Temperature, Mixed layer depth, Acoustic Profiles
- 19 -
Sea Surface Temperature
MODAS
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
- 20 -
Sea Surface Temperature
National Weather Service
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Combines multiple datasets
– AVHRR
– Ships of Opportunity
– Buoys
• Hand / Machine contoured to
compensate for missing data
- 21 -
Sea Surface Temperature
National Weather Service
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
- 22 -
Fisheries GIS
FishTrek98
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
- 23 -
Historical Catch
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
CPUE
Catch Per Unit Effort
Yellow - Yellowfin Sole
Lavender - Walleye Pollock
Turquoise - Pacific Herring
Red - Pacific Halibut
Green - Alaska Plaice
Dark Blue - Arrowtooth Flounder
- 24 -
Historical Catch vs Temperature
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
Yellow - Yellowfin Sole
Lavender - Walleye Pollock
Turquoise - Pacific Herring
Red - Pacific Halibut
Green - Alaska Plaice
Dark Blue - Arrowtooth Flounder
- 25 -
Bathymetry
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
10 fm Contours
(60 ft)
- 26 -
Upwelling Story
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
Bathymetry
10 Fm Contours (60 Ft)
CPUE
Lavender - Walleye Pollock
Red - Pacific Halibut
Temperature
Dark Blue - 0-2°C
Turquoise - 2-4°C
Green - 4-6°C
Yellow - 6-8°C
The Bering Sea food chain is
partly driven by the upwelling
of nutrient rich deep cold water
along the shelf break. This
water is then advected
shoreward. => Look for cold
water along the shelf break.
- 27 -
NWS Sea Surface Temperature
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
January 5, 1999
Purple -- Ice Edge
White -- 0° C
Dark Blue -- 1-2° C
Light Blue -- 3-4° C
Olive Drab -- 5-6° C
Yellow -- 7-8° C
Red -- 9-12° C
- 28 -
NWS SST and Bathymetry
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
10 Fm Contours
(60 Ft)
January 5, 1999
Purple -- Ice Edge
White -- 0° C
Dark Blue -- 1-2° C
Light Blue -- 3-4° C
Olive Drab -- 5-6° C
Yellow -- 7-8° C
Red -- 9-12° C
- 29 -
Delivery
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Frequency
– NWS SST updated twice per week
• File Size
– about 50 KB per dataset
• Method
– email
- 30 -
At Sea Email Systems
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Orbcomm (Low Earth Orbit Satellite)
– $10 / KB
– $500 per dataset
• Pin Oak (Single Side Band HF)
– $0.95 / KB
– $47.50 per dataset
• Inmarsat Mini-M (Satellite)
– $0.17 / KB ??? (based on $3/min & 2400 baud)
– $8.50 per dataset
- 31 -
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
• Radarsat
– Active Source
– About 2 day revisit period at 60°N
– 8 meter (fine beam) to 100 m (scan)
• ERS
– About 16 day revisit period at 60°N
– Typically 30 m
- 32 -
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
ERS-1 SAR image of the Bering Sea
shelf break between the Pribilof Islands
and Umnak Island (Aleutian Islands).
The most striking feature is an eddy with
diameter of 80 km. The eddy is
characterized by concentric curvilinear
lines which are most likely associated
with the current shears and temperature
contrasts. The dark areas are very calm
surfaces which are probably caused by
local low wind and cold water masses.
On the right of the scene is an internal
wave packet which consists of five rankordered solitons generated at the shelf
break.
- 33 -
Final Thought
Scientific Fishery Systems, Inc.
In order to (a) understand, model and predict the
effects of ocean conditions on marine fish
populations, (b) to efficiently harvest marine
fish stocks, and © ultimately, to effectively
and rationally manage many marine fisheries,
information is required on the “changing
ocean” rather than the “average ocean”.
Michael Laurs, National Marine Fisheries Service 4/97
- 34 -