Transcript James Cook - Dutchess BOCES

James Cook
The World’s Greatest Navigator
Biography
Born
Died
Nationality
Occupation
Title
Wife
Children
October 27, 1728 in Marton, England
February 14, 1779 in Hawaii
British
Explorer, navigator, cartographer
Captain
Elizabeth Batts (married in 1762)
James, Nathaniel, Elizabeth, Joseph,
George, Hugh
Early Career
 Joined the Royal Navy in 1755
 Fought in the Seven Year’s War
 Aboard the Pembroke
 Mapped the entrance of the St. Lawrence
River
 Led to the capture of Quebec
 Mapped the coast and harbors of Newfoundland
 1763 – 1767
 Maps used for almost 200 years
First Pacific Voyage
 1768 – 1771
 Commander of the Endeavor
 Purpose of the voyage
 Observe the solar eclipse by Venus
 Search for a large southern continent that was
thought to exist (Terra Australis)
 Explorations
 Mapped the two major islands of New Zealand
 Mapped the eastern and northern coasts of
Australia
Second Pacific Voyage
 1772 – 1775
 Commander of the Resolution
 Purpose of the voyage
 Search for Terra Australis
 Continent where people can live does not exist
 Explorations
 First person to sail around Antarctica
 Mapped many island groups of the Pacific
Ocean
 Used the chronometer
Third Pacific Voyage
 1776 – 1779
 Captain of the Resolution
 Purpose of the voyage
 Search for the Northwest Passage – passage
along northern coast of North America
connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
 Explorations
 Crossed Arctic circle but unable to find
Northwest Passage
 Discovered the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii)
 Mapped the northwest coast of America, Alaska,
and the Bering Strait
The Death of James Cook
 Returned to Hawaii to make repairs to his
ship
 Not welcomed by the Hawaiians
 Hawaiians stole one of Cook’s small boats on
February 14, 1779
 Tried to take the Chief of Hawaii hostage
 Cook hit on the head and stabbed to death by
the Hawaiians
A Man of Firsts
 First to sail around the world in a westerly
direction
 First to sail around the world in both directions
 First to cross the Arctic and Antarctic circles
 First to eliminate scurvy at sea
 First to calculate his position at sea accurately
using longitude
Contributions
 Greater knowledge of the Pacific Ocean due
to his complete and accurate maps
 Proved that crews could remain healthy with
proper diet and hygiene
 Insisted on clean quarters
 Ventilation
 Forced crew to eat vegetables and fruit to
prevent scurvy
Other Interesting Facts
 Many institutions and landmarks named after James
Cook
 James Cook University
 Cook Islands, Cook Strait, Cook crater
 King of England wept when he heard of Cook’s death
 Site of his death in Hawaii was given to the United
Kingdom
 Cook’s motto was Nil Intentatum Reliquit - Leave
Nothing Unattempted
Conclusion
 James Cook made three famous voyages to
the Pacific Ocean
 His maps of Newfoundland and the Pacific
Ocean used for almost 200 years
 Unable to find a large, southern continent or
the Northwest Passage
 Left nothing unattempted and became the
World’s Greatest Navigator