Transcript Instructional Strategies: How to Teach for Rigor and Relevance

International Center for
Leadership in Education
Dick Jones
Data Driven Decisions
 Student Achievement
 Standards
 Curriculum
Assessment
 Reading
and
Add these numbers
1000
40
1000
20
1000
30
1000
10
???
4100
5000
Add these numbers
1000
40
1000
20
1000
30
1000
10
4100
Data is Powerful






Assess the current and future needs of
students
Decide what to change
Determine if goals are being met
Engage in continuous school improvement
Identify root causes of problems
Promote accountability
Barriers
Lack of training in data use
 No uniform data collection
 Lack of leadership at the school
and district level
 Outdated technology
 Unclear priorities
 Distrust of data use

Types of Data
 Curriculum
 Demographics
 Student
Learning
 School Processes
 Perceptions of Quality
Types of Data Example
Type of Data
Literacy
Curriculum
Demographics
Student Learning
Performance on
•State
Processes
Perceptions of
Quality
Test
Types of Data Example
Type of Data
Curriculum
Literacy
Level of Reading Comprehension on
•State
Test
•Real World
•Postsecondary Learning
Demographics
Incoming Student Reading Levels
Student Learning
Performance on
•State
Test
•Local Assessment
Processes
Reading Levels of
•Textbooks
•Teaching
Materials
•Success of Reading Practices
Perceptions of
Quality
Student Surveys
Suggestions for Using Data







Be Careful What you Count
Look At Distribution Rather than
Averages
Disaggregate
Look at Trends
Collect Data to Answer Questions
Make Data Understandable
Analyze Deeper
Student Achievement






Training - group processes, software,
definitions
Disaggregate
Do item analysis
Ask Questions
Dig for Root Causes (Don’t accept
excuses)
Use multiple sources
Evaluate lesson plans/curriculum for
standards alignment
 Revise plans/curriculum to ensure
standards alignment
 Identify at-risk students
 Develop academic intervention plan


Recognize need for professional
development to support standards
and strengthen instructional
strategies
 Identify students meeting or
exceeding standards
International Center for
Leadership in Education, Inc.
Curriculum Matrix
McREL
Needed Time
15,465 Hours
Available Time
9,042 Hours
Teachers struggling to teach an overloaded curriculum!
Curriculum Survey
?? What should be priority??
Language Arts, Math, Science
20,000 surveys
Districts across U.S
School and Community
Select 35 priority content topics
Sub-group analysis
Curriculum Survey
Top Ranked - skill and content based
Low Ranked - more strategy
Educators and Community similar except
subject specialists
Basic skills low ranked by subject area
specialists
Top Ranked English could be
responsibility of all
ICLE Curriculum Survey
Language Arts - Top 10 Topics










Apply in writing the rules of grammar, punctuation and
spelling
Gather, analyze and summarize information from a variety of
sources
Give oral directions that are clear and understood
Follow oral directions
Identify and select pertinent information while reading
Follow written directions carefully and accurately
Understand rules of grammar, usage, punctuation, and
spelling
Develop processes for understanding and remembering
Prepare and deliver individual speeches
Know how to decipher unfamiliar words
ICLE Curriculum Survey
Mathematics - Top 10 Topics










Perform operations with numbers include, decimals,
ratios, percents and fractions
Understand characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines
Understand basic algebraic properties
Understand characteristics of angles
Understand best procedures for statistical data collection,
organization and display
Understand basic geometry ( point, line, plane)
Understand and use variables in expressions
Use correct order for performing algebraic expressions
Compute the distance between two points
Understand properties of circles
ICLE Curriculum Survey
Science - Top 10 Topics










Understand how and why rotation and revolution of
earth affect day, seasons and weather
Understand systems of human body
Understand nutrition
Know the metric system and conversion
Make observation of the local environment using senses
and instruments
Understand technology changes environment
Know processes in water cycle
Understand reproduction of living things from cells to
species
Understand cells and functions
Understand human impact on environment and ways to
improve
Curriculum
Matrix Kit
Curriculum Matrix
Priority on
State
Standard
Overall Priority
Related
Essential
State Test
Skills and priority
Summary
State/Regents ELA
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
High
Medium
Low
Grade 4
19
7
11
Grade 8
16
9
12
Grade 11
19
8
9
State/Regents ELA
Performance Indicators Tested
High
Medium
Low
Grade 4
18
4
15
Grade 8
16
2
19
Grade 11
22
5
9
State/Regents Math
Performance Indicators Tested
High
Medium
Low
Grade 4
16
12
12
Grade 8
12
27
8
Grade 11
13
9
10
State/Regents Science
Performance Indicators Tested
High
Medium
Low
Grade 4
23
8
4
Grade 8
43
3
30
Earth Science
39
16
3
Biology
29
0
0
Chemistry
4
18
26
Physics
4
19
22
International Center for
Leadership in Education, Inc.
Career and Technical
Education
CTE Kit components
Data
Priority standards
Integration by Cluster
CTE Matrix
Appropriateness
State
Standard
Related
Essential
For Integration
Priority on
Skills and priority
State Test
Using CTE Matrix
Curricular Mapping
Prioritize
Instruction
Integrated (Interdisciplinary Instruction)
PR--Validate CTE Program
Options for Students
Accountability--CTE Program
International Center for
Leadership in Education, Inc.
ARTS
ARTS Matrix
Appropriateness
For Integration
RelatedPriority
Essential
on
State Standard
Skills and
priority
State
Test
How would you use this
data?
Options
Adding
Rigor and Relevance
to your instruction
Theme-based Units taught by
multiple teachers
Including other Standards in
your instruction
Rigor
Relevance
All
students
Rigor/Relevance
Framework
Assimilation
of knowledge
Thinking
Continuum
Acquisition
of knowledge
Knowledge Taxonomy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Awareness
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Knowledge Taxonomy
Basic Nutrition
1
2
3
4
Label food by nutritional groups
Explain nutritional value of foods
Use nutrition guidelines in planning meals
Examine success in achieving nutrition
goals
5 Develop personal nutrition goals
6 Appraise results of personal eating habits
over time
Application
Model
Action Continuum
Acquisition
of knowledge
Application
of knowledge
Application Model
1
2
3
4
5
Knowledge of one discipline
Application within discipline
Application across disciplines
Application to real-world
predictable situations
Application to real-world
unpredictable situations
Application Model
Basic Nutrition
1 Label food by nutrition groups
2 Rank foods by nutritional value
3 Make cost comparison of foods considering
nutritional value
4 Develop nutritional plan for a health problem
affected by food
5 Devise a sound nutritional plan for a group
of 3 year-olds who are “picky” eaters
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
Knowledge
5
4
3
2
Application
1
1
2
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
3
2
1
A
1
2
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
3
2
1
B
A
1
2
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
C
3
2
1
B
A
1
2
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
C
D
A
B
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
Rigor/
Relevance
Handbook
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
3
2
1
•
•
•
•
Analyze the graphs of the
perimeters and areas of squares
having different-length sides.
Determine the largest rectangular
area for a fixed perimeter.
Identify coordinates for ordered
pairs that satisfy an algebraic
relation or function.
Determine and justify the
similarity or congruence for two
geometric shapes.
C
• Express probabilities as fractions,
percents, or decimals.
• Classify triangles according to
angle size and/or length of sides.
• Calculate volume of simple threedimensional shapes.
• Given the coordinates of a
quadrilateral, plot the quadrilateral
on a grid.
A
1
2
•
•
•
•
Obtain historical data about local
weather to predict the chance of snow,
rain, or sun during year.
Test consumer products and illustrate
the data graphically.
Plan a large school event and
calculate resources (food,
decorations, etc.) you need to
organize and hold this event.
Make a scale drawing of the
classroom on grid paper, each group
using a different scale.
D
• Calculate percentages of advertising in
a newspaper.
• Tour the school building and identify
examples of parallel and perpendicular
lines, planes, and angles.
• Determine the median and mode of real
data displayed in a histogram
• Organize and display collected data,
using appropriate tables, charts, or
graphs.
B
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
3
2
1
•
•
•
•
Analyze the graphs of the
perimeters and areas of squares
having different-length sides.
Determine the largest rectangular
area for a fixed perimeter.
Identify coordinates for ordered
pairs that satisfy an algebraic
relation or function.
Determine and justify the
similarity or congruence for two
geometric shapes.
•
Obtain historical data about local
weather to predict the chance of snow,
rain, or sun during year.
Test consumer products and illustrate
the data graphically.
Plan a large school event and
calculate resources (food,
decorations, etc.) you need to
organize and hold this event.
Make a scale drawing of the
classroom on grid paper, each group
using a different scale.
• Express probabilities
as fractions,
•
percents, or decimals.
•
• Classify triangles according to angle
size and/or length of sides.
• simple three• Calculate volume of
dimensional shapes.
• Given the coordinates
of a
• Calculate percentages of advertising in
quadrilateral, plot thea newspaper.
quadrilateral on
• Tour the school building and identify
a grid.
examples of parallel and perpendicular
C
B
A
1
D
lines, planes, and angles.
• Determine the median and mode of real
data displayed in a histogram
• Organize and display collected data,
using appropriate tables, charts, or
graphs.
2
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
•
•
•
•
3
•
2
•
•
1
•
Obtain historical data about local
weather to predict the chance of snow,
rain, or sun during year.
Test consumer products and illustrate
the data graphically.
Plan a large school event and
calculate resources (food,
decorations, etc.) you need to
organize and hold this event.
Make a scale drawing of the
classroom on grid paper, each group
using a different scale.
• Calculate percentages of
advertising in a newspaper.
•
• Tour the school building
and
•
identify examples of parallel and
perpendicular lines, planes, and
•
angles.
• Determine the median and mode of
real data displayed in a histogram
Express probabilities as fractions,
percents,
or decimals. and display collected
• Organize
Classify triangles according to
data,
appropriate tables,
angle size
and/orusing
length of sides.
Calculate volume of simple threecharts, or graphs.
dimensional shapes.
Analyze the graphs of the
perimeters and areas of squares
having different-length sides.
Determine the largest rectangular
area for a fixed perimeter.
Identify coordinates for ordered
pairs that satisfy an algebraic
relation or function.
Determine and justify the
similarity or congruence for two
geometric shapes.
C
D
B
A
• Given the coordinates of a
quadrilateral, plot the quadrilateral
on a grid.
1
2
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
•
6
4
3
•
2
•
•
1
• Analyze the graphs of the perimeters
•
and areas of squares
having
•
different-length sides.
• Determine the largest rectangular
area for a fixed perimeter.
•
• Identify coordinates for ordered pairs
that satisfy an algebraic relation or
• Calculate percentages of advertising in
Express function.
probabilities as fractions,
a newspaper.
percents, or decimals.
• Tour the
school
building and identify
• Determine
and justify
the
similarity
or
Classify
triangles according to
examples of parallel and perpendicular
angle size and/or length of sides.
congruence for twolines,
geometric
planes, and angles.
Calculate volume of simple three• Determine the median and mode of real
dimensional
shapes.
shapes.
data displayed in a histogram
D
C
5
Obtain historical data about local
weather to predict the chance of snow,
rain, or sun during year.
Test consumer products and illustrate
the data graphically.
Plan a large school event and
calculate resources (food,
decorations, etc.) you need to
organize and hold this event.
Make a scale drawing of the
classroom on grid paper, each group
using a different scale.
A
• Given the coordinates of a
quadrilateral, plot the quadrilateral
on a grid.
1
2
B
• Organize and display collected data,
using appropriate tables, charts, or
graphs.
3
4
5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
6
5
4
•
•
•
•
3
•
2
•
•
1
•
• Obtain historical data about local
weather to predict the chance of
snow, rain, or sun during year.
• Test consumer products and
illustrate the data graphically.
• Plan a large school event and
calculate resources (food,
decorations, etc.)• you
need
to of advertising in
Calculate
percentages
Express probabilities as fractions,
a newspaper.
percents,organize
or decimals. and hold this
event.
•
Tour
the
school building and identify
Classify triangles according to
examples
parallel and perpendicular
Make
a scale
of ofthe
angle• size
and/or length
of sides.drawing
lines, planes, and angles.
Calculate volume of simple threeclassroom on grid• paper,
each
Determine the
median and mode of real
dimensional shapes.
data displayed in a histogram
Given the
coordinates
of a
group
using
a different
scale.
• Organize and display collected data,
Analyze the graphs of the
perimeters and areas of squares
having different-length sides.
Determine the largest rectangular
area for a fixed perimeter.
Identify coordinates for ordered
pairs that satisfy an algebraic
relation or function.
Determine and justify the
similarity or congruence for two
geometric shapes.
C
D
A
B
quadrilateral, plot the quadrilateral
on a grid.
1
2
using appropriate tables, charts, or
graphs.
3
4
5
Knowledge
Taxonomy
Verb List
Application
Model
Decision Tree
Application Model
Decision Tree
International Center for Leadership in Education 1997
Application Model
Decision Tree
Is it Application?
 If
NO
International Center for Leadership in Education 1997
Level 1
Application Model
Decision Tree
Is it Application?
 If
NO
If YES - Is it real world?
 If
NO and one discipline
 If NO and interdisciplinary
International Center for Leadership in Education 1997
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Application Model
Decision Tree
Is it Application?
 If
NO
If YES - Is it real world?
 If
NO and one discipline
 If NO and interdisciplinary
If YES - Is it unpredictable?
 If
NO
 If YES
International Center for Leadership in Education 1997
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Rigor/Relevance Framework
K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E
Assimilation
Adaptation
C
D
Acquisition
Application
A
B
APPLI CAT I O N
Skill
Identify, collect or
sort pertinent
information while
reading.
Quadrant A
Read a science experiment
and identify the necessary
materials to perform the
experiment.
Quadrant B
Locate and read
current articles on
biotech.
Quadrant C
Read and analyze 3
original newspaper
articles from WW II and
identify reasons for
opposition to US entry
into the war.
Quadrant D
Read pertinent information
related to El Nino weather
patterns and propose
possible summer vacation
destinations.
Rigor/Relevance
Framework
Knowledge
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Awareness
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Application
1.
2.
3.
4.
Knowledge of one discipline
Application within discipline
Application across disciplines
Application to real world
predictable situations
5. Application to real world
unpredictable situations
Rigorous and
Relevant
Assessment
NYS Math A Question
D
June 2003
NYS Math A Question
C
June 2002
NYS Math Question
A
NY Math A
K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E
C
D
26%
A
42%
22%
B
10%
APPLI CATI O N
FCAT Math Grade 10
K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E
C
D
7%
A
25%
18%
B
50%
APPLI CATI O N
R/R and Assessment




Determine the level of Rigor and Relevance
on state tests.
Develop your tests to parallel state tests when
preparing for them.
Use performance assessment when you want
Quadrant D achievement
Keep level of assessment consistent with
expectation for performance.
Rigorous and
Relevant
Instructional
Strategies
Instructional
Strategies: How
to Teach for
Rigor and
Relevance
“Unification” in Science
Temperature
Time
Reading
1700
1890
2000
Lexile Framework

Independent measure

200 to 2000

Books, Tests, Students

www.lexile.com
Lexile Framework

Semantic Difficulty

Syntactic Complexity
Lexile Literature
1500 - On Ancient Medicine
1400 - The Scarlet Letter
1300 - Brown vs. Board of Ed.
1200 - War and Peace
1100 - Pride and Prejudice
1000 - Black Beauty
900 - Tom Swift in the Land of Wonders
800 - The Adventures of Pinocchio
700 - Bunnicula: A Rabbit Tale of Mystery
600 - A Baby Sister for Frances
500 - The Magic School Bus Inside the Earth
400 - Frog and Toad are Friends
300 - Clifford’s Manners
Last Grade Completed
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Last Grade
Completed
•
•
Postgrad
BA
• Assoc +>2
•
•
•
• 10
• College<2
Vocational
HS+GED
11
•9
400
•
•
•7
•8
6
•
5
2+3+4
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Reader measure (in Lexiles)
Data: National Adult Literacy Study (1992)
1800
Reading Requirements Research
Analyze actual reading
materials
 16 Clusters and sub
clusters
 3 Levels of Workers

Reading Requirements Research
Ag/Natural Resources
Transportation/Distr./Log.
Architecture/Construction
Manufacturing
Retail/Wholesale
Business and Admin.
Law/Public Safety
Scientific Research/Engr.
Arts/AV Tech/Comm.
Health Services
Human Services
Information Tech
1510
1370
1350
1330
1320
1300
1300
1260
1200
1200
1140
1100
Culinary Arts Academy
Students
Core
Textbooks
1600
1500
1400
1300
1100
1000
Lexile
Range
1200
Specialty
Textbook
Post Highs
School
Requirement
Tourism, Hospitality & Resort Management
Core
Students
Textbooks
1600
1500
1400
1300
1100
1000
Lexile
Range
1200
Specialty
Textbook
Post Highs
School
Requirement
Environmental Science & Field Research
Core
Students
Textbooks
1600
1500
1400
1300
1100
1000
Lexile
Range
1200
Specialty
Textbook
Post Highs
School
Requirement
International Center for
Leadership in Education, Inc.
Determining
Root Causes
Fishbone Diagram
Fishbone Diagram
Student
Absenteeism
Fishbone Diagram
Student
Absenteeism
Fishbone Diagram
People
Policies
Student
Absenteeism
Procedures
Public
Physical Plant
Fishbone Diagram
People
Policies
Student
Absenteeism
Procedures
Public
Physical Plant
Fishbone Diagram
People
No teacher follow-up
Policies
Policy unclear
No health services
Open campus
Increase in illness
No rewards
Parents don’t
support
Uninteresting
teaching
Procedures
Public
Lack of business
support
Student
Absenteeism
Lack of security
Limited facilities
Physical Plant
Resources for Data Driven
Curriculum
Decision
Which Standards?
Which Standards to
Integrate?
Resource
Aligning Standards Kit
NCLB Kit
Special Ed Kit
CTE Resource Kit
Arts Kit
How to Teach for Relevance? R/R Handbook
Strategies
Gold Seal Lessons
How do we address
Leading w/ Reading Kit
adolescent literacy?
Reading in the Content Area
Data References



Bernhardt, V. L. The school portfolio toolkit: A
planning, implementation, and evaluation guide for
continuous school improvement. Larchmont, NY: Eye
On Education. 2002.
Preuss, Paul G. Root Cause Analysis: School
Leader’s Guide to Using Data to Dissolve Problems.
Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education, 2003.
Love, Nancy. Using Data/Getting Results: A Practical
Guide for School Improvement in Mathematics and
Science Norwood, MA: Christopher-Gordon Publishers.
2001.


Toolbelt. 10 Feb. 2002 <http://www.ncrel.org/toolbelt/>
COSN <http://3d2know.cosn.org/other.html>.
Data Driven Decisions
 Student Achievement
 Standards
 Curriculum
Assessment
 Reading
and
PowerPoint Slides
http://www.natpd.com
or
http://dickjones.us