Transcript Chapter 1

T4/3/12
Distribution of
Industry
Ch. 11.1 - pp. 342-349
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I. Origin of Industry
– Traditionally, most goods made near home
– Britain first saw shift from cottage industries to
the Industrial Revolution in mid-18th C.
• Cottage industries (“putting-out” system) – wool
taken to homes for production
– Impact of the Industrial Revolution especially
great on iron, coal, transportation, textiles,
chemicals, and food processing
• Required power source & inventions
• Most important was James Watt’s steam engine
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I. Origin of Industry (cont.)
– A. iron – needed consistent heat
• Henry Cort – Fareham, England
• Reliance on iron production
– B. coal – main energy source, replaces wood
– C. transportation – rivers, canals, railroads
(1820s & 1830s)
• RR’s develop later in continental Europe b/c of lack of
cooperation b/w states
– D. textiles – 1st major industry
• Begin to be centrally located due to inefficiency of
cottage industry & river power as initial energy source
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I. Origin of Industry (cont.)
– E. chemicals – bleaching of cotton
• Sulfuric acid from burnt coal produced vitriolic acids
used for dyes
– F. food processing – began canning for urban
areas & factory workers
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Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution
Figure 11-2
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Industrial Regions
Figure 11-3
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II. Industrial Regions
– A. Europe
• Emerged in late 19th & early 20th C.
• Began in Britain, diffused to continental Europe
• 1. U.K.
–
–
–
–
Began w/ steel & textiles
Quickly had outdated machinery
Kept pace w/ other industrial countries through WWII
Emphasized industrial growth w/ little gov’t intervention
(“laissez-faire”)
• 2. Germany
– Rhine-Ruhr Valley – major port of Rotterdam
– Mid-Rhine region – internal Europe, used Rhine river as
transportation source
» Includes Alsace & Lorraine
» Affected by Cold War – Frankfurt’s growth
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II. Industrial Regions
– A. Europe (cont.)
• 3. Southern Europe
– Po Basin (Italy) – textiles, cheap labor
– NE Spain – Barcelona, more recent
» Growth of car industry, but all foreign cars
• 4. Eastern Europe
– Several Russian cities – Moscow, St. Petersburg (Leningrad)
– Other Russian regions – Volga river cities, Ural Mountains,
Kuznetsk region
– Non-Russian regions – Donetsk (Ukraine) & Silesia (Poland &
Czech Rep.)
» All helped by Soviet desire for growth
» Encouraged factory growth – compete w/ West
» Gov’t run (public vs. private)
» Many natural resources
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II. Industrial Regions
– B. North America
• Industry arrived later but spread faster than in Europe
• U.S. has three major regions:
– 1. North East – oldest region
» Began w/ textiles in New England (mill towns)
» Mid-Atlantic region important for trade due to major cities
(New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore)
» Growth of Erie Canal – helps western NY & Great Lakes
– 2. Midwest – western PA’s natural resources
» Pittsburgh – steel, iron
» Great Lakes & river cities
– 3. California – cheap labor, fueled by WWII (Pacific theater)
» Began w/ military production
• Canada – Southeastern Ontario
– Location to U.S. markets & Great Lakes
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II. Industrial Regions
– C. East Asia
• 1. Japan – fueled by post-WWII reconstruction
– Cheap labor, later lost to SE Asian Dragons
– Now focused on electronics & cars
• 2. China – more recent growth
– 1990s Chinese communist gov’t allows private foreign growth
– 3 major regions – all on Pacific coast
» Guandgong & Hong Kong
» Yangtze River Valley – Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan
» Gulf of Bo Hai – Tianjin, Beijing, Shenyang
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