Transcript Chemistry : Introduction to Matter

Chemistry : Introduction to Matter
1.1 Describing Matter
matter

Anything that has
mass and takes up
space

Hold up something
that is an example
of matter.
Properties of Matter
Chemistry - the study of
the properties of matter
& how matter changes
Write 3
examples of
substances.
Substance
 a single kind of matter
that is pure
 Always has a specific
make-up & specific set
of properties.
What are the 2 kinds of properties
every form of matter has?
Physical Properties & Chemical Properties
Physical Properties

A characteristic of a pure substance that can
be observed w/out changing it into another
substance
Ex: water freezing (solid), water (liquid), water
vapor (gas)
 Hardness, texture, color, ability to dissolve,
luster, conductivity, magnetism, flexibility
 Physical properties can be used to classify
matter.

Chemical Properties

A characteristic of a pure substance that
describes its ability to change into different
substances
To do this you must try to change it into another
substance.
 Flammability, oxidation, tarnishing
 Chemical properties be used to classify matter.

Chemical Properties
Flammability When wood burns, what element
does it combine with?
is a
chemical
property of
Oxygen!
wood.
Chemical Properties
Flammability What new substances are
produced?
is a
Carbon
chemical
property of
dioxide
wood.
& ash
Chemical Properties
Oxidation is
a chemical
property of
iron.
When iron rusts, what element
does it combine with?
Oxygen!
Chemical Properties
Oxidation is
a chemical
property of
iron.
What new substance is
produced?
Rust
AKA Iron oxide!
Element – pure substance that
cannot be broken down into any other
substance
How can you tell one element
from another?
How can you tell one element
from another?
By their
chemical & physical
properties!
Atoms
The basic particle from which all elements are
made.
 building blocks of matter
 Can combine w/ other atoms through
chemical bonds
Molecules – groups of 2 or more atoms held
together by chemical bonds
Meet Molly Cule
Pop star Molly Cule has
dropped her car off at
Ms. Frizzle’s car wash
before her concert.
We join her class just
after they were shrunk
to examine the dirt on
the car AFTER it was
washed.
Click picture for 5 minute video
Atoms
In this figure, what does each sphere represent?
An atom
How many atoms in a molecule of water?
3 atoms
How many atoms in a molecule of oxygen? 2 atoms
Atoms
What elements make up water? Hydrogen and oxygen
What elements make up carbon dioxide? Carbon & oxygen
What holds atoms together?
Chemical bonds
Compounds
A pure substance made of 2 or more elements
chemically bonded together

When elements combine, they form compounds
w/ different properties than their original
properties.
What is the ratio of atoms in these compounds?
CO2
1 to 2
CO
1 to 1
H2O
2 to 1
100 Greatest Discoveries
Let’s review oxygen, atoms & molecules
Click here for this 8 minute video.
Mixtures
2 or more substances together in the same
place but not chemically combined

Each substance keeps its original properties
Heterogeneous mixture
Easily separated
 You can see all the different parts


Which of these pictures shows a heterogeneous
mixture?
Homogeneous mixture

Mixed so evenly you cannot see all the
different parts

Which of these pictures shows a homogeneous
mixture?
brass
heterogeneous
homogeneous
air
salad
homogeneous
Sugar water
homogeneous
Heterogeneous
OR
Homogeneous?
Separating Mixtures
Easy to do because each component keeps its own
properties

Separate through magnetic attraction, filtration,
distillation or evaporation (see fig. 10)
And now back to
Ms. Frizzle’s class…
Click picture for the 5 minute continuation of the Magic School Bus video.