Transcript Religious wars
TASK #1
1. What was a politique? Who would have embodied this concept?
2. Who was the wife of Henry II of France?
TASK #2 (NOTES) RELIGIOUS WARS
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
FRENCH WARS
Valois Kings – centralized royal power royal law courts and use of French language taille – French land tax / funds for royal army by mid 16 th century, there were still provinces that had their own autonomy and identities. Then came Calvinism…
CALVINISM IN FRANCE
Protestant persecution in France began in 1525 Francis I was captured by Catholic Habsburgs under Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor The French Gov’t then began cracking down on French Protestants, due to Charles being Catholic
CALVINISM IN FRANCE
Many French Protestants were arrested and exiled (Affair of the Placards), including John Calvin (fled to Switzerland) 1540 – Edict of Fontainebleau – Inquisition French monarchy remained staunch Catholics
CALVINISM IN FRANCE
Despite persecution, Calvinism grew steadily People from all walks of life converted 40-50% of the nobility became Huguenots House of Bourbon = Huguenots This made the Huguenots a threat to the monarchy
RELIGIOUS RIOTS
3 powerful families challenged the throne after the death of Henry II (Valois) in 1559… • • • Guise Catholic Montmorency-Chatillons Protestant Bourbon Protestant (Henry of Navarre)
RELIGIOUS RIOTS
Wife of Henry II, Catherine de’ Medici mother of Charles IX, House of Valois tried to balance Catholics and Protestants resorted to hard-line policies against the Huguenots
RELIGIOUS RIOTS
the ordinary people of France were drawn into war Conflict of beliefs Some clergy incited violence pastors and priests alike participated
ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY
most savage event of the religious wars period Occurred four days after the marriage of Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois Assassination of Admiral de Coligny rioting and slaughter carried on for a month…
ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY
Huguenot gentry in Paris were killed, then it moved to the provinces Between Aug. 25-Oct 3, about 12,000 Huguenots were killed this led to the larger War of the Three Henrys
WAR OF THE 3 HENRYS
Fought among factions of: • Henry of Guise (Catholic) • Henry of Navarre (Protestant) • King Henry III (succeeded Charles IX) (Catholic)
TASK #1
Who were the Huguenots?
What event kicked off the massacre of Protestants in France?
What three families were vying for the crown?
WAR OF THE 3 HENRYS
How it ended… Henry III had Henry, Duke of Guise and leader
of the Catholic League, assassinated
Henry III was assassinated by a Catholic monk
Henry of Navarre became King Henry IV
Death of Henry, Duke of Guise Henry III designating Henry of Navarre as his successor Death of Henry III
THE POLITIQUES
was a group of moderates of both faiths in France secular approach; obey the king, politics above religion Henry of Navarre was a politique A Protestant, he converted to France’s dominant religion but published the Edict of Nantes in 1598 His actions laid the foundation for royal power and absolutism
PHILIP II OF SPAIN
inherited lands from his father Charles V was a devout Catholic wanted to centralize power and have Catholicism as a uniform religion in his lands became the “champion of Catholicism”
THE HABSBURG FAMILY
Was one of the most important royal houses of Europe Source of all Holy Roman Emperors from 1438-1740 Rulers of Spanish & Austrian Empires After Charles V abdicated, the empire split Philip II, son of Charles V, would rule Spain & the Netherlands
HABSBURG LANDS
PHILIP II OF SPAIN
had a conflict with the Ottomans, an Islamic empire Philip contained the Ottomans as a world power and forced 50,000 Moriscos to leave their villages and settle in other regions He would have less success against Protestantism in the Netherlands, as well as his encounters with England
REVOLTS IN THE NETHERLANDS
The Netherlands was a domain of Philip II of Spain Southern provinces=Catholic, Northern=Protestant Protestants resisted Philip’s Catholic reform William the Silent, Prince of Orange Eventually the northern provinces became the Dutch Republic Treaty of Utrecht - 1581
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