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New College English
Book Two
Part l. Preparation
 1. Personality: An Introduction (1)
In a general sense, the term personality refers to all
the personal and moral characteristics that determine
the way a person thinks, feels and acts in his or her
social and personal relations.
These traits include a vast variety of attitudes and
attributes such as: shyness, generosity, patience,
flexibility, sadness, humor, cheerfulness, selfish-ness,
independence and aggressiveness.
Most people are a mix of positive and negative traits.
Personality traits that are valued in one culture may be
frowned upon in another culture. Similarly, qualities
that are encouraged in boys might be regarded as
negative traits in girls.
Personality (2)
 It is difficult to know exactly how much of our
personality is inherited and how much is determined by parental and peer influences. Is there a
gene for shyness or stubbornness, for example?
Are we born compassionate or do we acquire
certain attitudes from our parents, our grandparents, our friends and other role models?
Most research tends to suggest that our basic
personality is inherited but that many factors
shape and mould our personality as we mature. If
our personality was entirely a result of our genes,
then it would be virtually impossible to alter
undesirable traits or to overcome our weaknesses.
Personality (3)
Most lucid individuals, at some point in their life,
realize that certain aspects of their personality
constitute drawbacks in their relations with other
people.
A selfish person might discover that selfishness does
not create lasting friendships.
An ill-tempered or intolerant person might find
cooperative teamwork very difficult.
A quiet and shy person might find some work situations
very stressful.
 Recognizing one's strengths and weaknesses is an
important step in the process of personal development because it can bolster serf-confidence and
motivate the desire to improve oneself.
Personality (4)
A person who is able to evaluate his or her
strong points and weak points--with the help
of parents, friends, teachers or aptitude
tests--is also better equipped to make career
choices.
Different jobs require different personalities.
A person who is matched appropriately with
the skills and attitudes required for a
particular job is more likely to be effective
and successful.
Personality (5)
In recent years, various studies have shown
that health and personality are interrelated.
 Negative attitudes can have negative effects on a
person's health. In constantly looking at the dark
side of things, pessimist can become discouraged
to the point of feeling helpless. This passivity can,
in turn, lead to destructive behavior such as
drinking too much alcohol or becoming mean and
bitter.
 Optimists, on the other hand, attempt to make the
best of a situation. Rather than regarding
themselves as victims, they feel that they have
some control over their life.
Personality (6)
 The power of positive thinking has been used by
sports psychologists for many years to help
athletes control their nerves and build up their selfconfidence.
By visualizing themselves in a winning situation,
athletes increase their chances of being successful.
Similar approaches are being used with those who've
got cancer. While optimism or positive thinking cannot
actually cure a disease, it appears to contribute to wellbeing and to keep the disease at bay.
Optimism is associated with hope; and hope, at
any stage in one's life, is always a mobilizing and
energizing force.
2. Personality and Job

Words that can be used to describe a person's
personality include:
 kind,
generous, sympathetic, broadminded, selfish, patient, warm hearted,
brave, timid, shy, enthusiastic, honest,
modest, easy-going, moody, tolerant,
friendly, adventurous, clever,
humorous, intelligent, amicable, cruel,
sinister, affectionate, careful, gentle,
lazy, independent, reserved, sensitive,
frank, thoughtful, considerate,
hardworking, independent, sociable
Describe your own personality
e.g. I am easygoing. I can get along well
with anyone. And I am hardworking. I
spend 6 hours a day studying my lessons.
What’s more I am honest. I never tell lies.
 e.g. I am shy. My face turns red when I talk
with a stranger. I loving communicating
with people because I am sociable.
Moreover I am adventuresome. I love
traveling.

3. Job & Personality trait (1)
 salesman
or saleswoman
 shrewd,
hardworking, boastful, acute, tricky,
sociable, eloquent
 teacher
 humorous,
bossy, patient, tolerant, talkative
 doctor
 patient,
calm, independent, careful,
responsible, sympathetic, caring
 policeman
 brave,
alert, independent, tactful
Job & Personality trait (2)




accountant
 careful, honest, cautious, patient
lawyer
 persuasive,
expressive, eloquent, serious,
responsible, righteous
tour guide
 enthusiastic, talkative, expressive, energetic,
careful, caring
host or hostess of a show
 emotional, expressive, optimistic, easy-going,
humorous,
Job & Personality trait (3)
 reporter
 curious,
extrovert, open-minded, adventurous,
righteous, objective
 secretary
 easy-going,
tolerant, sensitive, frank, thorough
 spokesman
 intelligent,
talkative, diplomatic
 student
 hardworking,
passionate
open-minded, creative, active,
Part II In-Class Reading
 1.
Pre-Reading Questions:
1. Yes, I found it very hard to talk with my new
classmates. I was nervous and shy. I didn't know
what to say. I thought they were much smarter
than me.
 2. Yes, I feel uncomfortable when other people
say nice things to me. I feel embarrassed. Some
times my face turns red. If someone admires my
clothing, I will ask myself whether he/she is
trying to flatter me.

introduction
(para. 1) Shyness is the cause of much
unhappiness for a great many people.
body
1. (para. 2-3) Reasons why shyness can
have a negative effect
2. (para. 4-15) ways of overcoming
shyness
conclusion
The better we understand ourselves, the
easier it becomes to live up to our full
potential.
2. Language Points

I.) All kinds of people describe themselves as
shy... (l.1--2)
describe…as 类似的词组有: accept…as; interpret…as;
regard…as; view…as; look on...as; consider…as;
take…as; perceive…as; label…as.
as后面可以接名词动名词与形容词
e.g. He did not accept this reply as valid.
 Would you describe yourself as being a hard worker?
 You should not interpret the silence as a refusal.
 Many conservatives disapprove of the tax, regarding it
as unfair.

Words & Phrases
more examples
She is viewed as a strong competitor for the job.
 We look on her as a daughter.
 Do you consider him (as) a friend or a colleague?
 She took what he said as a compliment.
 Stress is widely perceived as contributing to
heart disease.
 If you spend any time in prison you' re labeled as
a criminal for the rest of your life.

Words & Phrases
2). eliminate (l.24), reduce (l.24), diminish (l.35)
“eliminate" means "remove or get rid of
completely".
 “reduce" means "make less in size, amount,
price, degree, etc.'
Both "eliminate" and "reduce" are transitive
verbs. They have to be followed by an object.
 “diminish” is “(cause to)” become less in size
or importance”. It can be used either as a
transitive verb or an intransitive verb.

Words & Phrases
eliminate / reduce / diminish (2)
e. g. We eliminated the possibility that it could
have been an accident because it was so well
timed.
 I reduced my weight by going on a diet.
 We can' t eliminate the use of paper but we can
certainly reduce the amount of paper waste,
 I don't expect students to eliminate all of their
grammatical mistakes but they should make an
effort to reduce the number of careless mistakes.
 I don't want to diminish her achievements, but
she did have a lot of help.
 The threat of nuclear war has diminished.

3.) expectation (l.29)
和expectation: 有关的词组:in expectation of;
against/contrary to all expectations; beyond (all)
expectation; come/live up to expectations。
 e.g. She took an umbrella with her in expectation of rain.
 Contrary to all expectations she was accepted
by the academy.
 The plan has succeeded beyond our expectations.
 We usually enjoy his films, but the latest one
didn't't live up to our expectations,

4.) acquaintance n.
①认识的人，熟人 ② 相识，了解
另一个派生词是acquainted a. 熟悉的，相知的。
 [考点]

①acquaint oneself with/ of 是固定短语，意思是“开始
知道”。例：
I acquainted myself with literature when I was in
middle school． 在中学时我开始与文学结下了缘份。
 ②其它短语有：
acquaint sb. with／of把…通知给某人，使某人与…相识
get acquainted with开始／解，开始认识
make sb. acquainted with把…告知某人，使某人认识…”
例：My Chinese teacher acquainted me with literature
when I was in middle school.
中学时，我的语文老师把我引入文学殿堂。

③acquaintance常和介词with连用，
 He
has some acquaintance with French，
but does not speak it fluently．
他懂得一点法语，但讲得不流利。
 That girl is a mere acquaintance with me，
not a friend．
那个女孩只是我的一个相识，不是朋
 drop an acquaintance断绝来往
 make sb’s acquaintance 结识某人
5.) adversely adv．


①有害地，不利地 ②逆地，相反地，敌对地
[记忆法] 词根是adverse a.有害的，不利的，逆的，ad—是前缀，
表示“对等的，对立的”。


其它联想记忆：adversary n. 对手，敌手，撒旦
adversative a. 相反的，“相反词
adversity n．逆境，苦难
[考点] ①be adverse to 是固定短语，表示”相反的”， At
the conference，he put forward an opinion adverse to
mine．会上，他提出了一种和我意见相反的观点。
②adverse还可作“不利的，有害的”讲，
an adverse balance of trade入超
adverse criticism非难
He achieved success under adverse circumstances．
他在逆境中取得成功。
Part III. Post-Reading

1. Information Structure: (1)
1) Introduction (Para.1)
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a
great many people.
 2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative
effect (Para.2-3)

People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of
their lives.
 People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.
 People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and
easily influenced by others.

assure, ensure, insure, reassure
assure
to inform positively, as to remove
doubt向…保证; to cause to feel
sure使确信
He assured me that he had
finished.
I can assure you of the reliability
of the news.
ensure: to make sure or certain;
insure使确信或肯定；保证
We can ensure that the work
shall be done in the right way.
Our precautions ensured our
safety.
insure: to make sure, certain, or
secure 保 证 ， 肯 定 或 确 定 ; to
cover with insure为…保险
It is advisable to insure your
life against accident.
* assure, ensure 和 insure 都指
“使稳固或有把握。” 只是
assure 用来指人，有“使某人
放心”的意思：
He assured the leader of his
loyalty.
他使领导确信他的忠诚。
虽然ensure 和 insure 在一般情
况下可以互换， 现在只有
insure 广泛用于美国英语中，
商业中意指“给人或财产保险
以防意外。”
reassure: to restore confidence
to恢复信心：重新树立……的
信心
When the child was afraid of the
results of the exam, his parents
reassured him.
confirm, conform, confine
confirm: to support or establish
the certainty or validity of; verify
证实; to make firmer; strengthen
使更坚强；
My employer will confirm that I
was there on time.
The recent airplane crash
confirms my belief that stronger
safety regulations are needed.
conform: to correspond in form
or character; be similar一致; to
act or be in accord or agreement;
comply适合‘遵从
A coat must conform to the
figure of the wearer.
On the first day when a pupil
enters school, he is asked to
conform to the school rules.
confine: to keep within bounds; restrict
限制：使局限于; to shut or keep in,
especially to imprison禁闭：关闭或禁
闭，尤指在监狱里
Please confine your remarks to
the issues at hand.
The wild animals are confined in
small cages in the zoo.
The sick child was confined to
bed.
与可数名词搭配
的限定词
与复数可数名词
搭配的限定词
与不可数名词
或复数可数名
词搭配的限定
词
much, (a)
little, less,
the least, a
great deal of,
a great
amount of
many, (a)
few, fewer,
(the) fewest,
a great
number of ,
several
more, (the)
most ,
plenty of,
a lot of,
lots of,
enough
Information Structure: (2)

3) Ways of overcoming shyness
 A.
(Para. 4 -15)
Recognize your personal strengths and
weaknesses.
 B. Set reasonable goals.
 C. Don't waste time and energy on destructive
feelings such as guilt and shame.
 D. Don't be afraid to speak up and give your
point of view.
 E. Do not make negative comments about
yourself.
 F. Accept criticism thoughtfully.
Information Structure: (3)
 3)
Ways of overcoming shyness (2)
 G.
Profit from some failures and
disappointments as learning experiences.
 H. Do not associate with people who make you
feel inadequate.
 I. Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and
reevaluate your goals regularly.
 J. Practice being in social situations.
Related grammar: comparative
adjective 形容词比较级
1. basic structure
1) as + 原级 + as
2) 比较级+ than
3) the +最高级+ of (in)
2. 需要注意的原级用法
1）times as + 形容词原级+ as
(是…的几倍)
这个城镇现在的学校是1972年
的两倍。
The number of schools in the
town at present is twice as many
as that of 1972.
2) half as + 形容词原级+ as
（…的一半好）
我的书法不如你的一半好。
My handwriting is not half as
good as yours.
3) as…as possible （尽可能）
as fast as possible/ as often as
possible
4) as…as any （最）
Hob is as brave as any man
alive.
3. 需注意的比较级用法
1）表示倍数：times + 形容词
比较级+ than
Our room is twice larger than
theirs.
2)表示数量的词+比较级
I am two years older than you.
她比我高一个头。
3）the 比较级… the 比较级
（越…越…）
4) 比较级+ and + 比较级（越
来越…）
warmer and warmer/ more and
more beautiful
5) 比较级+ than any other + 单
数名词 （比其他任何… 都…）
He is better than any other
students in the class.
在这个店里，这个表比其他任
何一个别的表都贵。
This watch is more expensive
than any other watches in the
shop.
Information Structure: (4)
 4)
Conclusion (Para. 16)
The better we understand ourselves, the
easier it becomes to live up to our full
potential.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) T
3. Group Discussion (1)

1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming
shyness are the first and the seventh.
Recognizing your personal strengths and
weaknesses is useful because if we know
ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident.
 The seventh way is to profit from failures and
disappointments as learning experiences. If we
allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when
we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves.
But if we think of a failure as a learning experience,
we are adopting a positive attitude.

Group Discussion (2)

2) Modesty is used to describe a moderate
appraisal of one's merits, abilities or success.
e.g. she is very modest about her
accomplishments.
Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable
feeling one has in the company of others. It often
implies a lack of self confidence and a timid,
reserved manner.
 Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in
many cases is undesirable.

Group Discussion (3)
 3)
Yes, it is appropriate and normal
to be shy in some circumstances.
For example:
in the presence of teachers, your boss
or your parents' friends;
 when you are dating someone,
especially for the first time; when you
are with strangers.

Part IV Vocabulary

1. “Self-” is a prefix which means "of, to, or by
oneself or itself". Words with the prefix self- that
appear in the text include:
 self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance,
self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, selfdestructive, self-awareness, self- acceptance,
self-rejection, self-confident.

1) self-conscious (worried and embarrass-ed
about what you look like or what other people
think of you)
“self-”(2)
2) self-confidence (belief in one's own ability,
power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)
 3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are
someone who deserves to be liked, respected,
or admired)
 4) self-destructive (destroyed from within,
especially in a way planned during the process
of construction)
 5) self-worth (the value you give to your life
and achievements)

“self-”(3)
6) self-concept (one's conception or general
idea of one's own basic character and nature)
 7) Self-awareness (knowledge and judgment
about oneself)
 8) self-assurance (confidence and the belief
that you are able to deal with people and
problems easily)

2. Keys to
 Part A
1) B 2) I 3) C 4) A 5) H 6) D 7) E
8) F 9) J 10) G
 Part B
1) profound 2) jealousy 3) overweight
4) overcome 5) slim 6) compliments
7) diminish 8) detrimental 9) selfesteem
10) accented
3. Translation








1. You should spend a reasonable amount of time in
relaxation.
2. In general his works have been good, but this essay
is dreadful.
3. When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.
4. He always sets some time aside every day to tell
stories to his children.
5. Ignorance and poverty often go hand in hand.
6. He finally failed to live up to his parents' expectations
7. In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.
8. He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal
weakness.
Part V Further Development

1. Lonely Hearts Club
STEP ONE
SUCCESSFUL young company director, goodlooking, intelligent, kind, wants to meet attractive
girl, romantic enough to enjoy being kissed. You
are adventurous, aware and willing TO BREAK
ROUTINES. Photos unnecessary. Box P808.
 STEP TWO
ATTRACTIVE INTELLIGENT professional
woman (32) seeks unattached man of similar
height under 40, sincere, humorous, articulate, for
genuine long term relationship. Box P898.

2. Tom & Jerry

Once upon a time, there was a proud house cat and a
clever mouse. The cat was called Tom and the mouse
was called Jerry.
The master of the house was very kind and generous to
Tom. The master gave him three good meals a day for
his effort in driving the mouse away. Torn worked hard.
He was truly diligent and tried his very best to catch
Jerry but he never managed to succeed. Every time he
got close to Jerry, Jerry would make a quick turn and
leave Torn once again far behind.
The game between Tom and Jerry went on for some
time, Christmas was coming and the children in the
house would receive presents. Tom, of course, expected
to receive something from his master. He was a shrewd
cat so he made up his mind to do something to please
his master before Christmas.
Tom & Jerry (2)

Tom sent for his brother to help him drive the mouse
out of the house, They worked well together and Jerry
disappeared. Tom was now very proud of himself. To
his amazement, his master had no intention of giving
him a Christmas bonus. In fact, Tom's meals became
worse and worse since the master found there was no
need to keep a cat if there were no mice,
Tom was a sensitive cat and felt very sad. He then
realized how important Jerry was and begged Jerry to
return. The master was shocked to see the mouse
again, Suddenly Tom's meals began to improve.
From then on, Tom just pretended to work hard,
Sometimes he shared his meals with Jerry. And they
lived happily ever after.
3. Can We Improve Our Personality?

Advice for the selfish person:
--Make a point of thinking of the other
person's feelings.
--Before you think of yourself, ask the other
person ii he/she would like anything,
ask how he/she is, what he/she is doing.
--Make a point of sharing more often.
--Think of kind things to do for your friends.
--Be helpful to other people.
--Ask yourself why you always think of
yourself first.
Can We Improve Our Personality?(2)



Advice for the impatient person:
--Ask yourself what things or situations or
particular types of people make you feel impatient.
--Adopt strategies that will help you be more
patient like deep breathing, counting to ten,
thinking of a peaceful and kind person, and
thinking of good things about the situations or the
people that annoy you.
Advice for the person who is dishonest:
--Make friends with an honest person.
--Ask yourself the advantages of being honest.
--Record when and why you were dishonest.
--Think about the consequences of being dishonest.
4. Comparing Optimists with Pessimists
Defining characteristic
Optimists: tend to believe defeat is
temporary and limited to one case only; do
not blame themselves
Pessimists: tend to believe bad events will
last a long time, will undermine everything
they do; blame themselves
 Thinking pattern
positive
negative

Comparing Optimists with Pessimists (2)
Attitude towards difficulties or failures
see things in their least threatening light;
regard had events as temporary challenges
to overcome
imagine the worst
 Attitude towards success
take credit
consider it as luck
 Action taken when things go badly
act quickly, look for solutions form a new plan
of action and seek advice
move slowly and do not seek advice

Comparing Optimists with Pessimists (3)

Consequence of two different ways of
looking at life
---bounce back quickly, and regain one's
strength soon; do much better in school and
at work; are happier, healthier and more
successful
----give up easily and get depressed more
often; recover slowly; are more likely to
suffer from hopelessness, loneliness and
painful shyness; get physically sick more
often, especially middle-age diseases
5. advice to pessimists:
 --Go
shopping when you are depressed.
 --When things go wrong, have another
try before you give up.
 Help other people whenever you can.
This will give you a sense of
achievement.
 –Learn to interpret failure in a positive
way.
 --Do not believe in fate.
 --Keep fit. This will help you to be
energetic and active.
 Try to smile more often.
advice to pessimists:
Remember that everyone experiences
failures and disappointments.
 When you fail in something, profit from
the failure as a learning experience
instead of getting depressed.
 Try to discover as many of your
personal strengths as you can.

6. Writing

My Advice to Pessimists
Sample 1
It is reported that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and
failure, while optimism usually brings happiness, good health and success.
Therefore, pessimists should change aspects of their personalities. I have
some advice for pessimists.
1. Try to smile more often. A smile has great power. It can chase sadness
away. It will make you and other people feel happy. And it may even make
things better. Smiling in the morning makes a good beginning for the day. A
smile is the most important sign of optimism.
2. Build up your self-confidence. Try to discover as many of your personal
strengths as you can. Then write them all down. Read them several times
when you are getting ready to do something or when you are confronted with
difficulties. Your list will help you see your abilities.
3. Change your way of thinking. Don' t always think that things will go wrong
or that if they do there will be terrible results. Instead, convince yourself that
things will improve and that you can work hard to help improve them. If you
fail, think about what you have learned from the failure. If you succeed,
praise yourself. Don' t be too modest! There is nothing more encouraging
than self-praise.
Try your best to become an optimist. (213 words)
Writing Sample 2
 Are
you an optimist or a pessimist? If you' re a pessimist, here is some
advice for you.
As everyone knows, pessimism is harmful to people. It makes you
unhappy and unhealthy, and even brings depression, loneliness and
failure. Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and
successful. So it is good for you to change yourself from a pessimist to
an optimist.
As to how to become an optimist, here are some suggestions:
1. Remember that everyone experiences failures and disappointments.
So when you fail, don't blame yourself. It may not be your fault.
2. When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning
experience instead of getting depressed. And next time, you can
hope that you will be more successful.
3. When you fail, don't be discouraged. Try again. Don't let negative
thoughts hold you back. Just give yourself another chance.
Pessimism is harmful, but it can be changed. Trust yourself and
try to adopt the attitude of an optimist, and then you will be a winner
in life more often. (177 words)