Transcript Canadian Index of Wellbeing Educated Populace Domain

ME ASU R ING
S U STA I NAB L E D E VEL O P M E N T
A P PLI C ATI O N O F T H E G E N UIN E P R OGR E SS I N DE X T O N O VA
S C OTI A
How Educated are Nova Scotians?
Education Indicators for the
Nova Scotia Genuine Progress Index
Prepared by GPI Atlantic
February 2008
Most used measures tell us more about labour
market conditions than about educational
attainment + send conflicting messages.
• E.g. Alberta has the lowest high school graduation
rate and the second highest drop out rate among
provinces (because lucrative jobs are available),
but the highest standardized test results (partly
because higher performers remain in school).
• At the same time, Atlantic Canada has the lowest
drop out rates, the highest graduation rates, yet
scores the lowest on standardized test results.
2
Explaining the Difference
• 2003 CMEC data: Alberta graduation rate = 10%
below Nova Scotia. Difference between Nova
Scotia and Alberta PISA scores = just under 10%.
• According to Dr. Michael Corbett (Acadia Educ.):
“By having a more exclusive high school system
Alberta adjusts underperforming students out of
the school door and into the workforce. As it
happens Alberta has an economy that can absorb
a considerable amount of educational
underachievement. Here in Nova Scotia we don't
have that luxury.”
3
Standardized tests -- what do they measure?
• Also reflect labour market conditions – i.e. who
remains in school to be tested
• Scores often reflect and reinforce socio-economic
inequalities
• Tests focus on a few academic subject areas -- math,
science, reading/writing. Are these more important
than art, history, or social studies?
• Standardized testing pressures teachers to “teach to
the test,” at expense of other non-test subjects
• Standardized test results can be misused and
manipulated to support calls for questionable reform
4
Average scores in the PISA math assessment by quartile of family
socioeconomic status, 15-year-olds, Canada and provinces, 2003
486
510
532
563
C anada
485
516
532
New foundland &
Labrador
565
469
496
517
541
Prince Edw ard Island
479
510
529
559
Nov a Scotia
483
508
523
New Brunsw ick
555
Quebec
502
531
556
584
Ontario
503
526
540
571
504
524
538
559
Manitoba
477
Sask atchew an
521
524
506
Alberta
S econd quart ile
Third quartile
Fourth quartile
0
539
552
585
507
525
546
571
British C olumbia
First quartile
556
100
200
300
400
500
Average PISA math sco res
600
700
What these quantitative “output”
measures don’t tell us – esp. “outcomes”:
• How educated the populace is, and whether
we are getting wiser and more knowledgeable
• Whether we’re learning what we need to know
to live well and sustainably, & improve our
wellbeing
• What and how we learn from non-school
sources (media, family, community etc.)
• Anything about the quality of education, and
the quality of information in the learning
environment…. Etc.
6
So What is an “Educated Populace”?
• An “Educated Populace” has the
knowledge and skills required to foster
wellbeing in individuals and in the
population as a whole
—that is to live full and healthy lives, have
decent jobs, participate actively in their
communities as citizens, and understand
the interdependence of the world in which
they live, without imperiling these
prospects for future generations.
7
Framework for indicators of an educated populace
ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY &
SUSTAINABILITY (UNDESD)
SOCIAL OUTCOMES
(GPI Domains)
Time Use LEARNING OUTCOMES
To know
Population
Health
CONTEXT
(determinants)
POPULACE
Wisdom and
Values
To do
Natural Capital
Living
Standards
To be
Human Impact
on the
Environment
To live together
Social Capital
8
YET…Literacy flat, despite more schooling
• “More analytical work is required to explore
the factors around the lack of overall change
in the literacy performance of Canadians.”
(Statistics Canada)
• “We urgently need to understand why our
current literacy and learning programs are not
succeeding in order to develop more effective
approaches.” (Canadian Council on Learning)
9
Average prose literacy scores across selected regions and
provinces, Canadian population aged 16 and over, 1994 and 2003
270
Canada
272
264
Atlantic region
269
255
Quebec
266
275
Ontario
270
280
Western region
281
240
1994
2003
245
250
255
260
265
270
Average prose literacy score
275
280
285
Average document literacy scores across selected regions and
provinces, Canadian population aged 16 and over, 1994 and 2003
270
Canada
271
259
Atlantic region
267
254
Q uebec
263
277
O ntario
270
277
Western region
240
1994
2003
281
245
250
255
260
265
270
Ave ra ge docume nt lite ra cy score
275
280
285
Percentile scores of correct answers to
general political knowledge questions, by
age group, 1984, 1993, 1997, and 2000
Year
1984
1993
1997
2000
18–23
39.3
36.7
37.8
31.4
24–29
43.7
46.7
41.0
36.2
Age Group
30–34
35–39
51.9
47.1
46.1
47.6
51.4
50.3
47.7
49.5
40–49
54.4
55.5
53.2
51.4
50–59
57.9
53.1
58.4
59.7
60 +
52.4
56.0
57.0
58.3
12
Ecological Literacy? Footprint by Educational
Attainment, Canada, 2005 (1st time)
university degree
8.67
completed secondary
education
6.96
some secondary
education
6.76
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
gl obal h e ctare s pe r capi ta
8
9
10
Average debt from government student loans at graduation, by
province, classes of 1995 and 2000 ($2000)
1 6 ,5 6 2
Nova Sc otia
2 2 ,6 0 0
1 1 ,5 4 2
1 1 ,3 0 0
1 6 ,7 8 3
New foundland
1 2 ,6 7 0
1 5 ,4 0 0
1 3 ,2 4 5
Princ e Edw ard Island
7 ,3 7 2
2 6 ,9 0 0
1 8 ,5 0 0
1 2 ,9 0 0
1 6 ,2 9 7
New B runs w ic k
2 1 ,4 0 0
1 1 ,2 6 7
1 2 ,3 0 0
Q uebec
1 3 ,1 2 9
1 3 ,5 0 0
8 ,6 8 1
7 ,4 0 0
1 4 ,6 6 0
O ntario
1 1 ,3 1 8
1 3 ,0 4 0
Manitoba
2 1 ,6 0 0
1 5 ,2 0 0
8 ,9 6 4
1 0 ,4 0 0
1 7 ,8 0 0
1 9 ,3 8 7
S askatc hew an
1 2 ,1 9 4
1 1 ,0 0 0
A lberta
1 6 ,2 9 3
1 7 ,9 0 0
1 0 ,5 1 1
1 0 ,8 0 0
1 6 ,6 5 6
B ritis h C olum bia
1 9 9 5 Un i v e r si ty
2 0 0 0 Un i v e r si ty
1 9 9 5 Co l l e g e
2 0 0 0 Co l l e g e
0
1 2 ,0 2 9
1 1 ,3 0 0
5 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
2 2 ,1 0 0
1 5 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,1 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
2 5 ,0 0 0
Av e ra ge g o v e rnme nt lo a n de b t a t time o f gra d ua tion
3 0 ,0 0 0
Average amount borrowed (all sources) for the 2003 degree, post-2003
degree education or both, by Maritime province of graduation, 2005
($2005)
average student debt (all sources)
$35,000
$32,390
$30,000
$27,148
$26,199
$27,104
NS
NB
Maritimes
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0
PEI
Average borrowed
15
Average undergraduate university tuition fees, Canada and provinces,
1990/1991, 2005/2006, 2007/2008 (in 2005 constant dollars)
1,900
Canada
4,214
4,382
2,519
Nova Scotia
5,694
1,744
Newfoundland
2,606
2,551
2,432
Prince Edward Island
1,173
2,180
3,272
3,278
2,005
Saskatchewan
5,062
4,625
1,669
Alberta
5,125
4,809
2,346
British Columbia
0
1,000
5,554
4,881
5,213
1,962
Manitoba
2005/2006
5,037
1,900
1,962
Ontario
1990/1991
4,645
4,301
2,498
New Brunswick
Quebec
6,281
2,000
3,000
4,874
4,703
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Average tuition fees
2007/2008
16
Employment rate of full-time students, 20–24 years of
age, Canada, 1976–2006
50
45
40
35
%
30
25
20
15
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
percentage 26.6 25.5 28.5 28.5 32.1 36.2 37.9 40.4 40.1
41
40.7 40.4 43.7 44.2 46.7 46.9
17
Average work hours per week during the school year for full-time
students, aged 18–24 years, Canada, 1976–2006
18
17
usual work hours/week
16
15
14
16.1
15.8
16.4
16.7
16
15.6
15
15.2
14.8
14.6
13.9
14
15
14.7
14.6
14.1
13
12
11
10
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
18
Average work hours per week during the school year for full-time students,
aged 18–24 years, provinces, 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006
15.8
14.6
15.0
16.7
Ca na da
16.9
15.9
15.0
16.2
No v a Sco ti a
P r i nce Ed wa r d I sl and
13.9
14.5
14.5
14.4
O nta r io
16.1
16.0
15.2
15.8
16.6
Ma ni to b a
14.7
15.9
Sa sk a tche wa n
17.3
17.3
15.2
16.4
Alb e r ta
14.1
14.5
Br i tish Co lumb i a
1976
2006
17.2
16.5
14.7
15.7
16.7
Q ueb e c
1996
19.8
15.6
16.5
13.9
14.9
15.6
Ne w Br unswick
1986
24.7
15.7
14.6
16.8
Ne wfo undl a nd
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
18.8
18.7
16.1
17.3
20.0
25.0
30.0
A verage work hours per week
19
Incidence of advertising in Canada’s public elementary
and secondary schools, by percentage, 2003/2004
North
BC
Prairies
Ontario
Quebec
Atlantic
Elementary
Secondary
French
English
Canada
HALLWAYS,
CAFETERIA
UNIFORMS
BUSES
SUP P LIES
WEBSITE
OTHER
ANY
OF
ABOVE
19.3
18.5
13.9
8.1
16.6
11.2
32.3
9.5
16.2
14.9
11.4
1.9
3.4
2.6
1.0
8.9
2.1
8.3
2.4
3.4
3.2
0.0
1.4
1.9
1.0
0.8
2.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.3
15.9
12.2
10.3
12.2
7.9
11.1
11.6
12.5
8.8
11.6
11.1
0.0
1.1
1.5
0.8
1.2
2.2
1.2
1.8
1.2
1.2
1.2
15.9
14.2
15.1
10.1
8.3
11.1
9.5
23.6
8.8
12.3
11.6
38.6
37.0
37.9
31.0
21.4
34.6
28.1
54.8
23.5
34.3
32.3
20
Public versus private share of sponsored research at
Canadian universities, 1972–2005
83.3 83.7
81.8
79.7
80
77.2
80.4 81.4 79.8
77.5 76.4
71.9
70
69.4 69.1
67.8
69.8
73.6 72.4
64.2
60
50
40
35.8
28.1
30
20
16.7 16.2
18.1
20.3
22.8
19.6 18.6
20.2
32.2
30.6 30.9
22.5 23.6
30.2
26.4 27.6
20
05
20
02
20
04
20
00
19
96
19
98
19
94
19
90
19
92
19
88
19
84
19
86
19
82
19
80
19
76
19
78
19
74
10
19
72
Percentage of sponsored research
90
Survey year
Total public share
Total private share
21
Where to from Here? What’s Next?
Key Messages:
1. We have not answered the question: How
educated are Nova Scotians?
2. Conventional output indicators can’t do so
3. Development of new indicators, data
sources, measurement methods is needed
– a ‘paradigm shift’ (NS Education Dept.)
4. See Report Appendix: Comprehensive list
of “ideal” indicators (yet this summary
necessary for 2008 completion of NS GPI)
22
The Good News
• 3 years GPI research uncovered good models,
measures of science literacy, health literacy,
media literacy, civic literacy, ecological literacy,
wisdom scales, informal learning, ETC. –
Available in other places, not yet Canada
• -> Canadian Knowledge Survey (11+ literacies)
(or Maritime KS? - MPHEC - available to NS Ed)
• Good education indicators = glue, binding factor,
connective tissue between all GPI components –
link learning outcomes to social outcomes – e.g.
health, civic, ecological literacy, etc.
23