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ADVANCED WORD POWER

Unit Six: Chapter 27

• abstract

• archaic

• engender

• erudite

• fervor

• iconoclast

• laudable

• painstaking

• pompous

• renown

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 1

abstract

–

adjective

For a person who has been blind since birth, color is just an

abstract

idea.

A couple may believe in the out what true commitment is only when they face difficult experiences together.

abstract

idea of “commitment,” but they find

Abstract

means

vague.

absurd.

temporary.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 1

abstract

–

adjective

For a person who has been blind since birth, color is just an

abstract

idea.

A couple may believe in the out what true commitment is only when they face difficult experiences together.

abstract

idea of “commitment,” but they find

Abstract

means A. vague.

absurd.

temporary. Although someone blind from birth had never had the sensory experience of different hues, he or she can conceptualize the idea of color in a vague , theoretical way. The actual experience of sustaining a relationship through hardship is contrasted with the vague , theoretical idea of the word commitment .

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 2

archaic

–

adjective

Computer software is changing so rapidly that a program bought just two years ago is already

archaic

Marriage vows used to include the bride’s promise to obey her husband. Today many couples consider this

archaic

and leave it out of the ceremony.

Archaic

means

old-fashioned.

necessary.

permanent.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 2

archaic

–

adjective

Computer software is changing so rapidly that a program bought just two years ago is already

archaic

Marriage vows used to include the bride’s promise to obey her husband. Today many couples consider this

archaic

and leave it out of the ceremony.

Archaic

means A. old-fashioned.

necessary.

permanent. Rapid changes make recently bought software quickly seem old-fashioned . Old-fashioned brides’ promises are contrasted with vows more commonly made by couples today.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 3

engender

–

verb

An introductory music course in school can

engender

music.

a lifelong love of Ken’s rivalry with his cousin was in the same kindergarten class and competed to see who would learn the alphabet first.

engendered

long ago, when they were

Engender

means

to endanger.

to complete.

to begin.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 3

engender

–

verb

An introductory music course in school can

engender

music.

a lifelong love of Ken’s rivalry with his cousin was in the same kindergarten class and competed to see who would learn the alphabet first.

engendered

long ago, when they were

Engender

means

to endanger.

to complete.

C. to begin.

Since it’s an introductory course, it would be a place to begin learning to appreciate music. The words long ago suggest that the rivalry began when the cousins were in kindergarten.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 4

erudite

–

adjective

Zahra has earned several graduate degrees, although no one else in her family went to college. Her parents are proud of their

erudite

daughter.

You don’t have to be

erudite

to enjoy action movies—they are designed to entertain you, not make you think.

Erudite

means

unskilled.

learned.

kindhearted.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 4

erudite

–

adjective

Zahra has earned several graduate degrees, although no one else in her family went to college. Her parents are proud of their

erudite

daughter.

You don’t have to be

erudite

to enjoy action movies—they are designed to entertain you, not make you think.

Erudite

means

unskilled.

B. learned.

kindhearted. If Zahra has earned several graduate degrees, she must be people don’t have to be learned learned and scholarly. Because action movies don’t require people to think, and knowledgeable to enjoy them.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 5

fervor

–

noun

Before the game, the coach talked to her players with great

fervor

, making them feel excited and determined to win.

You can tell that Christy really loves the piano by the

fervor

she practices.

with which

Fervor

means

fear.

humor.

passion.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 5

fervor

–

noun

Before the game, the coach talked to her players with great

fervor

, making them feel excited and determined to win.

You can tell that Christy really loves the piano by the

fervor

she practices.

with which

Fervor

means

fear.

humor.

C. passion. A pep talk full of passion would make the team feel excited and determined to win. The phrase “really loves” suggests that Christy shows passion when she practices the piano.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 6

iconoclast

–

noun

Many people regard Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, as a brilliant

iconoclast

for the way he overthrew established beliefs about the personal computer industry.

It’s always risky to have Grandma and Jeff in the same room. Grandma is a very traditional Italian Catholic, while Jeff is an

iconoclast

who makes jokes about the Pope and questions the teachings of Catholicism.

Iconoclast

means

a conservative.

a rebel.

a criminal.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 6

iconoclast

–

noun

Many people regard Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, as a brilliant

iconoclast

for the way he overthrew established beliefs about the personal computer industry.

It’s always risky to have Grandma and Jeff in the same room. Grandma is a very traditional Italian Catholic, while Jeff is an

iconoclast

who makes jokes about the Pope and questions the teachings of Catholicism.

Iconoclast

means

a conservative.

B. a rebel.

a criminal.

If Jobs overthrew established beliefs, then he must have been beliefs is a rebel . a rebel . Someone who questions traditional teachings and jokes about sacred

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 7

laudable

–

adjective

The work of the Prom Committee was really

laudable

. As people entered the ballroom and saw the magnificent decorations, many burst into applause.

The congresswoman has demonstrated a

laudable

concern for the voters, who have shown their appreciation by reelecting her twice.

Laudable

means

admirable.

insufficient.

undesirable.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 7

laudable

–

adjective

The work of the Prom Committee was really

laudable

. As people entered the ballroom and saw the magnificent decorations, many burst into applause.

The congresswoman has demonstrated a

laudable

concern for the voters, who have shown their appreciation by reelecting her twice.

Laudable

means A. admirable.

insufficient.

undesirable. The people who burst into applause must have viewed the Prom Committee’s decorating work as admirable . Voters must have viewed the demonstration of concern as admirable if they appreciated it enough to reelect the congresswoman twice.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 8

painstaking

–

adjective

The

painstaking

hard to imagine. There are thousands of tiny patches, each stitched patiently by hand.

effort that went into the century-old patchwork quilt is Providing footnotes and a bibliography for a paper is Don’t leave this task until the last minute, but start working on it from the beginning.

painstaking

work.

Painstaking

means

causing harm.

done with great care.

very enjoyable.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 8

painstaking

–

adjective

The

painstaking

hard to imagine. There are thousands of tiny patches, each stitched patiently by hand.

painstaking

work.

Painstaking

means

causing harm.

B. done with great care.

very enjoyable.

The quilt was they are to be done with great care since thousands of tiny patches had to be individually hand-stitched. Footnotes and bibliography require much time if done with great care .

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 9

pompous

–

adjective

The ship’s captain was so with his officers. Instead, he sat in solitary splendor at a special table set with the ship’s best china.

pompous

that he would not eat at the same table “Do you expect me to stand in line with all these people to buy a concert ticket?” the man asked in a

pompous

voice. “Don’t you realize who I am and how valuable my time is?”

Pompous

means

self-important.

modest.

cruel.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 9

pompous

–

adjective

The ship’s captain was so with his officers. Instead, he sat in solitary splendor at a special table set with the ship’s best china.

pompous

that he would not eat at the same table “Do you expect me to stand in line with all these people to buy a concert ticket?” the man asked in a

pompous

voice. “Don’t you realize who I am and how valuable my time is?”

Pompous

means A. self-important.

modest.

cruel. The captain was so self-important self-important that he felt no one was worthy to sit with him at meals. The ticket buyer was so that he felt his time was more valuable than anyone else’s.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 10

renown

–

noun

The artist Vincent van Gogh was unknown in his lifetime, but after his death, he gained great

renown

Throughout our neighborhood, Mrs. Lewis has won

renown

fabulous chocolate-chip cookies.

for her

Renown

means

criticism.

reality.

fame.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 10

renown

–

noun

The artist Vincent van Gogh was unknown in his lifetime, but after his death, he gained great

renown

Throughout our neighborhood, Mrs. Lewis has won

renown

fabulous chocolate-chip cookies.

for her

Renown

means

criticism.

reality.

C. fame. The fact that van Gogh was unknown during his lifetime is contrasted with the great fame he gained after his death. Mrs. Lewis must have won local fame for her cookies if everyone in the neighborhood knows about them.

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

Today’s children have been brought up with cell phones. To them, their grandmother’s old-fashioned rotary dial telephone looks positively _________.

We are lucky to have such a(n) ________ speaker with us today. Dr. Volkmer holds three doctoral degrees and has taught at some of the world’s most prestigious° universities.

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

Today’s children have been brought up with cell phones. To them, their grandmother’s old-fashioned rotary dial telephone looks positively _________.

The word old-fashioned suggests that archaic means “ out-of-date .”

We are lucky to have such an _________ speaker with us today. Dr. Volkmer holds three doctoral degrees and has taught at some of the world’s most prestigious° universities.

The speaker must have great knowledge if he has studied enough to earn three doctoral degrees.

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

Year after year, the town pageant was very traditional until its new director—a real _________—decided to wrap the actors in aluminum foil and have them speak their lines in rap style. His predecessor°, in a letter to the editor, chastised° him for desecrating° the production.

I knew that Tai would feel strongly about our change of plans, but I didn’t expect him to respond with such _________. His emotional tirade° lasted half an hour.

Dave and his brother Barry are very different. Dave is down-to-earth and practical, while Barry loves to discuss _________ concepts like infinity and time.

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

The new director attacked the traditional ideas of the preceding pageants.

I knew that Tai would feel strongly about our change of plans, but I didn’t expect him to respond with such _________. His emotional tirade° lasted half an hour.

A long, emotional tirade is a response that shows great intensity of emotion .

Dave and his brother Barry are very different. Dave is down-to-earth and practical, while Barry loves to discuss _________ concepts like infinity and time.

The down-to-earth, practical brother is contrasted with one who enjoys theoretical concepts like infinity and time.

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

Little things can often _________ long-standing hostility. My aunts were on bad terms for years because one of them turned down a dinner invitation from the other. They were never able to rectify° this injury to their cordial° relationship.

The new biography of Emily Dickinson won high praise. “The author’s __________ research has revealed many details about the poet that were not previously known,” one reviewer wrote.

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

Turning down an invitation was a little thing that produced lasting hostility.

The new biography of Emily Dickinson won high praise. “The author’s __________ research has revealed many details about the poet that were not previously known,” one reviewer wrote.

The biographer must have taken great effort and been diligent details that no one had ever known before.

to uncover

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

After winning a diminutive° part in a Broadway show, the actor became so _________ and supercilious° that he wouldn’t speak to his old friends. “I don’t have time for little people,” he said.

That restaurant enjoys such _________ that it’s almost impossible to get a reservation there—the tables are booked months in advance.

10.

“It’s _________ to go out and help clean up the neighborhood streets,” Mother told us, “but it would also be praiseworthy for you to clean up your rooms.”

SENTENCE CHECK 1

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

abstract iconoclast

archaic laudable

engender

painstaking

erudite

pompous

fervor

renown

An inflated idea of his own importance as an actor made him arrogant .

That restaurant enjoys such _________ that it’s almost impossible to get a reservation there—the tables are booked months in advance.

It must enjoy widespread acclaim if it’s fully booked months in advance.

10.

“It’s _________ to go out and help clean up the neighborhood streets,” Mother told us, “but it would also be praiseworthy for you to clean up your rooms.” The word praiseworthy admiration .” suggests that laudable means “ deserving