Transcript SPORTS OFFICIATAING 101 - Oregon Athletic Officials

A Basic Course of Officiating Information
LESSON 1
Roles
Responsibility
Ethics
Why Sports Officiating?
Prolong Athletic Involvement
 Personal Reasons
 Provide an Enjoyable Physical Activity
 Extra Money – Part-time Career
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Responsibilities
Insuring Player Safety
 Inspecting Facilities
 Regulating Game Conduct
 Response to an Injury
 Response to Crowd Situations
 Encourage Fair Play
 Promote Good Sportsmanship

Ethics
Master Rules and Mechanics
 Work with Others in Constructive and
Cooperative Manner
 Uphold Honor and Dignity of Profession
 Prepare Mentally and Physically
 Fulfill Contractual Obligations
 Conduct Influences Respect of Others
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Lesson 1- Activity
List the primary reasons why you want
to become an official.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Problems with Setting Goals
Not Measurable
 In Conflict with Other Goals
 No Ownership
 Setting Too Many
 Fear of Trying Something New/Failure
 Setting Goals to Please Someone Else
 Unrealistic Expectations
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Successful Goal Setting
Establish Goals –Short and Long Term
 Make Goals Specific
 State in Positive Terms
 Make Goals Obtainable
 Make Goals Measurable
 Have a Feedback Mechanism in Place
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Successful Goal Setting
Know What is Necessary to Achieve
Your Goal
 Be Flexible – Change Goal if Necessary
 Enjoy Meeting your Goals
 Sweet Taste of Success – Hard Work,
Pain and Disappointment are Part of the
Process
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Lesson 2 – Activity
List Some Possible Goals for Yourself
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Law and Order Approach
Know Rule Book Inside and Out
 Not Much Room for Common Sense
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“Less Involved the Better”
Let Players Play
 Problems Occur When Game Heats Up
or Critical Judgment Necessary
 Some Officials Don’t Get Involved
Because They Just Don’t Want to Be
Bothered
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Common Sense Officiating
Know the Meaning of Preventive
Officiating
 Know the Meaning of the Spirit and
Intent of the Rules
 Know What to Call and When to Call It
 Know When the Best Call is a “No-Call”
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Context of Contest
Often Determines What Style Works Best
 Big Rivalry?
 Bad Blood?
 Skill Level of Players?
What It Takes to Become a Good Official
Knowledge of Rules
 Know the Vocabulary
 Knowledge of Mechanics
 Making Calls with Confidence
 Being Able to Focus On The Game
 Remain Invisible – Don’t Draw Attention
 Keep in Control – Stay Poised
 Stay in Shape and Hustle
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What It Takes to Become a Good Official
Be a Good Partner
 Have Passion
 Be Consistent
 Develop a Rapport with Participants
 Be Decisive
 Maintain Integrity
 Use Good Judgment
 Enjoy What You Are Doing
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Lesson 3 - Activity
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What 3 Characteristics of a Good
Official are My Strengths?
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What 3 Characteristics do I Need to
Work On?
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What Can I Do to Improve These
Characteristics?
Effective Communication
Two Important Steps
• Send the Right Message
• Be a Good Listener
Body Language
Physical Appearance
 Posture
 Gestures
 Facial Expressions
 Personal Space
 Tone, Pitch and Inflection
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Crew/Partner Communication
Must Function Effectively as a Unit
 Make an Effort to Get Along with Others
 Take Responsibility for your Own Actions
 Don’t Blame Others for Your Mistakes
 Encourage Each Other – Be Honest
 Share Strengths and Experiences
 Ask for Help or Advice – Give When Asked
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Keys to Effectiveness
Have a Good Pre-Game Conference
 Have a Good Post-Game Conference
 Ask for Feedback from Partner(s),
Game Observers, Evaluators
 Examine Your Own Performance
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Other Issues
A Partner of Another Gender
 A Veteran Official with a Less
Experienced Official
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Lesson 4 - Activity
Think of a Recent Game You’ve Officiated
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Complete Part 1 and Part 2 of the SelfEvaluation Checklist.
Is There Something You Can Improve?
What is Confidence?
…The belief that you can
successfully do what you
want to do.
Building Confidence
Practice Your Skills and Techniques
 Work Lower Level Games
 Attend Camps and Clinics
 Get As Much Experience as You Can
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Improving Concentration
You Must Be Able To:
Cope with Pressure and Anxiety
 Focus on Action that is Relevant and
Tune Out External Factors
 Refocus when Distracted
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Factors That Can Break an Official’s
Concentration
Unable to Forget Past Calls – Especially
the Bad Calls
 Worrying About Future Plays
 Thinking About Too Many Things
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“You Can Bring Your Whistle and
You Can Bring Your Flag, but if You
Don’t Bring Your Guts You Might
as well Stay Home.”
Sources of Stress/Anxiety
Fear of Failure
 Fear of Inadequacy
 Perceived Loss of Control
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Negative Affects of Anxiety
Physical – Heart Rate, Breathing,
Tightness, Fatigue
 Psychological – Reduced Concentration,
Impaired Decision Making
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Strategies to Manage Stress
Deep Breathing
 Positive Self-Talk
 Smile
 Good Preparation – Self Confidence
 Stay Focused on Action at Hand
 Slow Down….then Slow Down Some
More
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“Manage the game with the
lightest touch necessary to
provide equitable competition.”
Essential Elements of Good Decisions
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Know the Rules
 Terms and Definitions
 Player’s Rights and Restrictions
 Violations and Penalties
 Peripheral Regulations
9 Ways to Study the Rule Book
Speed-Read the Entire Book
2. Categorize the Rules
3. Break Down Each Chapter
4. Have Several Copies of the Rule Book
5. Read in Short Increments of Time
6. Review Each Day
7. Study Just Before Falling Asleep
1.
9 Ways to Study the Rule Book
8. Check Related Case Book Plays
9. Talk with Rules Experts
Remember……”Just When I Thought I
Knew it All….”
There is Always More to Learn
Know Your Sport’s Language
Formal – Rule Book/Case Book
 Informal – “Street Language”
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Master the Mechanics of
Communicating Decisions
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Good Signals
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Good Use of Voice and Mannerisms
Adapt to the Nature of the Game
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Know the Dynamics of Game
 Rivalry
 “Revenge” Game
 Lower Level Game
 Blowout Game
Be in Proper Position
If You Are in the Proper Position to Make
a Call, the Less Likely Your Judgment
Will be Questioned.
 Read and Anticipate What the Teams
are Trying to Do
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Focus
Don’t Let Down in Dead Spots. Stay
Focused During Periods of Inactivity like
Time-Outs, Between Periods, Between
Plays
 Use the Down Time to Regroup and
Refocus if Necessary
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Be Calm
Slow Down
 Process What You Have Observed
Before Making Your Call
 Use Positive Self Talk
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Work with Fellow Officials
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Learn When to Get and Give Help
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Get Together and Conference if
Necessary
Controversy is Inevitable
People are Emotionally Involved
 Rules Exist to Limit Behavioral Options
 Officials Enforce the Rules
 Society Insists on Placing Blame Rather
than Accepting Responsibility
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DEFINITIONS
Controversy: Different Viewpoints or
Opinions
Conflict: Confrontational Behavior (Words
or Actions) That Develops Out Of
Controversial Situations
Minimizing Conflict
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Internal Issues
 Psychological Makeup
 Know Your Pressure Points
 Be Confident about Preparation
 Do Not Take Controversy Personally
 Self-control
 Have credibility
Experience=Reputation=Credibility
Minimizing Conflict
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Situational Issues
 A Professional Appearance Can Minimize
Conflict
 The Way Problems are Handled Often
Determines If Controversy Becomes Conflict
 Officials May Have to Use Both Passive And
Assertive Modes of Game Management
Resolving Conflict
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Think Through your Options
 What we see, hear, sense and feel trigger
certain emotional responses
 Recognize Preconceptions of Others
 Do Not Say Anything You’ll Regret Later
 Be Careful When Using Humor
Resolving Conflict
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Practical Solutions
 Appear to be Receptive
 Don’t Invite Confrontation – Respect
Personal Space
 Keep All Communication Professional
Physical Fitness Components
Aerobic Endurance
 Strength
 Flexibility
 Speed
 Coordination
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Other Issues
Diet and Nutrition
 Rest and Sleep
 Pre-game Warm-up
 Glasses
 Shoes
 Injuries
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Lesson 10 - Activity
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Describe your current fitness program
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How can you design a more useful
program?
Business Issues
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Independent Contractor not Employee
 Not Eligible for Unemployment or Worker’s
Compensation
 Report/Pay Taxes on Income
 Deduct Officiating Expenses
 Consult a Tax Professional
Legal Issues
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Player Injuries
 Allow Medical Personnel to Attend to Player
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Game Played According to Rules
 Control Rough Play, Unsportsmanlike Acts
Legal Issues
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Player Equipment
 Equipment, Casts, Padding, Braces
 Head Coach Must Certify Legally Equipped
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Playing Surface and Game Equipment
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Inclement Weather Conditions-Lightning
Personal Injury
Officials Need to Have Good Medical
and Personal Liability Insurance
 Secondary Coverage Available Through
NFHS and NASO
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Other Minor Legal Issues
OSAA and NFHS do not Recognize
Protests
 Courts – Game Calls Cannot be
Challenged Unless Demonstrable Bad
Faith/Corruption
 Disagreement Over Call – Part of Game,
Part of Human Nature
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Physical Attacks on Officials
Oregon Law – Criminal Offense to
Assault a Sports Official
 Recommended Procedures:
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 Don’t Physically Strike Back
 Obtain Names, Contact Information of
Witnesses
 Write Down Your Version of What Occurred
and How You Were Injured
Physical Attacks on Officials
 Get Appropriate Medical Attention if
Necessary
 Determine if a Videotape of the Game and
Incident has been Made
 Contact Your Assigning Authority
 Consult Legal Counsel
Review the Incident
 Prepare for the Next Contest
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Local Association Legal Issues
Most Associations are Incorporated as
Non-Profit Corporations for Educational
Purposes
 OAOA Dues provide Director’s and
Officer’s Insurance Coverage
 Constitution and By-Laws
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Lesson 11 - Activity
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List your Expenses That May Qualify As
Tax Deductions for the Current Year
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Do I Have Adequate Medical and
Liability Insurance Coverage?
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List the Steps to Take in Case You Are
Assaulted
Certification Process
Join a Local Officiating Association
 Oregon Athletic Officials Association
 OCEP Requirements
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Local Association
Governance by Executive Board,
Constitution and By-Laws
 Commissioner Assigns Games
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Don’t Lobby or Beg for Games
Don’t Solicit Games from Coach/AD
Don’t Trade Games Without Permission
Don’t Undercut Other Officials
Attend Regular Meetings
Other Suggestions
Find a Mentor-Develop a Support
Network, Hang Around Officials, PostGame Get-Togethers
 Training Opportunities – Camps, Clinics,
Films, Publications
 Ask for Observations – Get Feedback
 Connect with National Associations –
Frequent Officiating Websites
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Lesson 12- Activity
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What is the Process for Advancement in
my Local Association?
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If I Feel That I’m Being Treated Unfairly,
What Rights do I Have?
Improvement During the Off-Season
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Maintain Good Physical Conditioning
Continue Studying Rules and Mechanics
Attend Camps and Clinics
Work Pre-Season Scrimmages, Summer
Leagues and Off-Season Practice Games
Participate in Pre-season Study Groups
Re-examine Your Goals and Expectations
“Without Officials, It’s
Just Recess.”