Transcript CHAPTER

CHAPTER 7
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Innovations for Tomorrow
7-2
Introduction
New Technologies Are Surfacing
Everyday.
Some will have a dramatic affect on the
business environment.
 Others will totally change the way you live your
life.

Whatever the case, we refer to these as
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.
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Introduction
YOUR FOCUS IN THIS CHAPTER
Emerging Technologies for the Senses
 Emerging Technologies Related to the
Internet
 Emerging Technologies and the Wireless
Revolution
 Emerging Technologies to Make Your
Personal Life Easier

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For the Senses
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
FOR ALL THE SENSES
Technologies that will help you work with
information in various forms that appeal to all the
senses. These technologies include:
Three-Dimensional Imaging
Automatic Speech Recognition
Multimedia
Virtual Reality
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For the Senses
3-D - TECHNOLOGY FOR REAL
SIGHT
THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3-D) technology
presentations of information give you the
illusion that the object you抮e viewing is
actually in the room with you.
 Real 3-D technologies extend beyond pseudo
3 dimensions that you see in software such as
spreadsheets.
 It抯 really only a matter of time before 3-D
technologies become commonplace.

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For the Senses
AUTOMATIC SPEECH
RECOGNITION (ASR) SYSTEM
not only captures spoken words but also
distinguishes word groupings to form sentences.
Beware - ASR differs from automatic speech
understanding.
 For example, what does, 揊ruit flies like a
banana?mean?
 We have a long way to go before computers
really understand what we抮e saying within the
context of a paragraph or conversation.

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For the Senses
STEPS IN ASR
1. FEATURE ANALYSIS - eliminates other noise
and converts the digital signals of your speech
into phonemes. See Figure 7.5, page 267.
2. PATTERN CLASSIFICATION - attempts to
recognize your spoken phonemes by locating a
matching sequence among words stored in an
acoustic model database.
3. LANGUAGE PROCESSING - makes sense of
what you抮e saying by comparing the possible
word phonemes with a language model
database.
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For the Senses
TYPES OF ASR SYSTEMS
DISCRETE ASR - requires you to pause
between each spoken word.
 CONTINUOUS ASR - processes continuous
streams of words - that is, normal speech.
 SPEAKER-INDEPENDENT ASR - can be
used by anyone, but have limited vocabularies
that cannot be expanded.
 SPEAKER-DEPENDENT ASR - lets you 搕
rain?it to recognize your voice. These have
expandable vocabularies but can be used only
by you.

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For the Senses
WHAT IT WILL TAKE FOR ASR
TO BECOME STANDARD
Greater storage for an expandable vocabulary
 Better feature analysis to support continuous
speech
 More dynamic language models to support
speech understanding
 More flexible pattern classification to support
many people

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For the Senses
MULTIMEDIA
the simultaneous presentation of information
through many forms of media that you can
control.
Multimedia...
 is a combination of content (information) and
software (how you control it).
 encompasses many forms of media for
presenting information.
 can present information through various forms
of media simultaneously.
 is a presentation you can control.
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For the Senses
MULTIMEDIA BUSINESS USES
1.To support internal processes - such as
training.
2.To inform customers about products and
services - such as interactive advertising.
3.To enhance products and services - such as
ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING, which takes
advantage of multimedia to publish items such
as books and magazines in an electronic
format rather than in the print-on-paper format
associated with traditional publishing
processes.
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For the Senses
BUILDING A MULTIMEDIA
APPLICATION
First and foremost, you need money (multimedia
applications are not inexpensive to develop) and
creativity. Then, follow these six steps.
1. Analysis
2. Design
See Figure 7.8
3. Programming
page 275
4. Production
5. Testing and documentation
6. Delivery
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For the Senses
1.ANALYSIS - Identify (1) the subject matter, (2)
target audience, (3) setting, (4) why
multimedia, and (5) other needed developers.
2.DESIGN - Develop content by creating
STORYBOARDS (a visual representation of
your multimedia objects) and define the
navigation methods (including linear, menu,
hierarchy, network, and hybrid). See Figures
7.9 & 7.10 on pages 275 & 276.
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For the Senses
3.PROGRAMMING - convert storyboards into
multimedia objects using MULTIMEDIA
AUTHORING SOFTWARE (software
specifically designed to help you create a
multimedia application).
4.PRODUCTION - concentrate on building
special forms of media - usually sound and
video.
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For the Senses
5.TESTING AND DOCUMENTATION - allow
users to experiment with the application and
make changes as necessary.
6.DELIVERY - place multimedia application on
some type of storage device, usually CD-ROM
because of its durability and ample storage
space.
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For the Senses
VIRTUAL REALITY
Making You Feel Like You抮e There
a three-dimensional computer simulation in
which you actively and physically participate.
Virtual reality incorporates 3-D to give you a
real-life illusion.
 Virtual reality creates a simulation of a real-life
situation.
 In virtual reality, special input devices capture
your physical movements and special output
devices send physical responses back to you.

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For the Senses
I/O DEVICES IN VIRTUAL
REALITY
GLOVE - captures and records the shape and
movement of your hand and fingers and the
strength of your hand and finger movements.
 HEADSET - captures and records the
movement of your head and displays various
views.
 WALKER - captures and records the
movement of your feet as you walk or turn in
different directions.

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For the Senses
APPLICATIONS OF VIRTUAL REALITY
Entertainment such as race car driving and
golfing.
 In movies such as Congo and Disclosure.
 Demonstrating safety features on cars.
 Training airline pilots.
 Training assembly line workers.
 CAVE AUTOMATIC VIRTUAL
ENVIRONMENTS (CAVE) - special 3-D rooms
spread across the world which may run across
the Internet.

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For the Senses
CYBERSICKNESS
The Downside of Virtual Reality
Eyestrain -from a low-resolution headset for
displaying views.
 Simulator sickness - because physiological
inputs and outputs are out of sync.
 Flashbacks - experiencing deja vu or a
temporary disassociation with reality.

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For the Internet
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
FOR THE INTERNET

Electronic cash, which you can use to
purchase products

The convergence of your telephone,
television, computer, and cable TV service
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For the Internet
ELECTRONIC CASH (E-CASH)
Virtual Money on the Internet
exactly what its name implies - an electronic
representation of cash.
A file that represents a denomination of money
in electronic form.
 You pay an Internet merchant with e-cash.
 That Internet merchant can use it to buy other
products or trade it in at a bank for real money.

See Figure 7.12, page 283
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For the Internet
WHAT扴 HOLDING UP E-CASH?
Anyone Can Be an Electronic Bank.
 There Are No Standards for How E-Cash
Should Look.
 Merchants Must Have Accounts with Electronic
Banks.
 E-Cash Makes Money Laundering Easy.
 E-Cash Is Easy to Lose.

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For the Internet
COMMUNICATING THROUGH AND
ACCESSING THE INTERNET
Internet Telephones
 Cable-Ready Computers
 Cable Modems
 Internet PCs
 All-Purpose Home Computer

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For the Internet
INTERNET TELEPHONE
the technology tools required to carry on a
phone conversation over the Internet.
 Lets you make almost-free long-distance
phone calls all over the world.
 First, you pay a fee to (only about $50) and
register with an Internet phone service
provider. See Figure 7.13, page 286.
 Then, you connect to its Web site and browse a
list of people on the Internet with similar phonecalling capabilities.
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
For the Internet
CABLE-READY COMPUTER - a computer
that you can connect directly to a cable TV
outlet to receive programming you can watch
on your monitor.
– You can watch TV while doing your work on the same
monitor.

CABLE MODEM - a special communications
processor that connects your television to a
cable TV service provider.
– Through it, you can receive TV programming.
– You can also access the Internet and see it on TV.
– Cable modems are about 300 times faster than a
traditional computer modem.
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For the Internet
INTERNET PC
a computer that supports only Internet access.
Have limited storage and internal memory
capacity.
 Have limited CPU speed.
 Designed specifically for cruising the Internet
and little else.
 Also called 揾ollow PCs.
 Only cost about $300.

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For the Internet
ALL-PURPOSE HOME COMPUTER
Most people already have everything they need
for communicating through and accessing the
Internet.
 Almost all personal computers today have the
necessary gadgets for working on the Internet.
 You just need to figure out how to make them
work.

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Wireless Revolution
THE WIRELESS REVOLUTION
Virtual Connectivity
Addresses two key issues - portability (Is it
easy to carry around?) and mobility (Can you
work anywhere with it?)
 Includes two groups of technologies:
– technologies for mobilizing people (smart
phones and the global positioning system)
– technologies for mobilizing technology
(wireless local area networks)

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Wireless Revolution
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
MOBILIZING PEOPLE
SMART PHONE - a cellular phone that also
acts as a transmittal and reception station for
digital page messages, e-mail messages, and
faxes and also has Internet access capabilities.
 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) - a
collection of 24 earth-orbiting satellites that
continuously transmit radio signals you can use
to determine where you are. See Figure 7.16,
page 290.

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Wireless Revolution
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
MOBILIZING TECHNOLOGY

WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
(WIRELESS LAN) - a network that covers a
limited distance in which all components or
computers are connected without physical
cables.
See Figure 7.17, page 291
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For Your Personal Life
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
FOR YOUR PERSONAL LIFE
SMART CARD - a small plastic card (about
the size of a credit card) that contains a
memory chip on which a sum of money can
be recorded and updated.
 INTELLIGENT HOME APPLIANCE - an
appliance that contains an embedded IT
system that controls numerous functions and
is capable of making some decisions.

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TO SUMMARIZE
New technologies are emerging everyday.
 Some will become standard - others are simply
fads that will not survive.
 Emerging technologies for all the senses:

–
–
–
–
Three-dimensional imaging
Automatic speech recognition
Multimedia
Virtual reality
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TO SUMMARIZE

Emerging technologies related to the Internet
–
–
–
–
–

Internet telephones
Cable-ready computers
Cable modems
Internet PCs
All purpose home computer
Emerging technologies for the wireless
revolution
– Smart phones
– Global positioning system
– Wireless local area networks
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TO SUMMARIZE

Emerging technologies to make your personal
life easier
– Smart cards
– Intelligent home appliances